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Carib language
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==Phonology== In the Kari始nja language, there are four syllable patterns: V, CV, VC, CVC; C standing for consonants while V means a vowel. Regarding phonemes, consonants are divided into two groups: obstruents (voiceless stops鈥攑, t, k) and resonants (voiced stops鈥攂, d, g, s).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/85/19/13/85191306364792724967627267385868167068/11889.pdf |title=Languages of the Guianas |date=1972 |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma |editor-last=Grimes |editor-first=Joseph E.}}</ref> Kari始nja has a typical 6 vowel system after *么 merged with *o, being ''a e i o u 茂.'' Compared to past Kari始nja, the modern day Kari始nja has replaced the ''e'' in many words to ''o''.<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Consonants ! colspan="2" | ![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] ![[Dental consonant|Dental]] ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]] !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | | |{{IPA link|k}} | rowspan="3" |{{IPA link|蕯}} ~ {{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d}} | | |{{IPA link|伞}} |- ! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]] | | |{{IPA link|s}} | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Flap consonant|Tap/Flap]] | | |{{IPA link|删}} | | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Semivowel]] |{{IPA link|w}} | | |{{IPA link|j}} | | |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Vowels ! ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- ![[Close vowel|Close]] |{{IPA link|i}} |{{IPA link|扫}} |{{IPA link|u}} |- ![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |{{IPA link|e}} | |{{IPA link|o}} |- ![[Open vowel|Open]] | |{{IPA link|a}} | |} Allophones for /r w t/ include sounds as [山 尾,v t蕛]. /s/ before /i/ may be pronounced as [蕛]. /n/ before a consonant may be pronounced as [艐] and also [刹] elsewhere. Another sound, ranging [h~x], often occurs before a voiced or voiceless consonant, and succeeding a vowel, it can also be an allophone of /蕯/.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
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