Editing Caridea (section)

==Taxonomy==
The infraorder Caridea is divided into 15 superfamilies:<ref name="Grave"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Superfamily
! Image
! Description
|-
! [[Alpheoidea]]
| [[File:Lysmata amboinensis in Tropicarium-Oceanarium Budapest.JPG|120px|Lysmata debelius]]<br />''[[Lysmata amboinensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains four families, including [[Alpheidae]], the family of pistol or snapping shrimp, and [[Hippolytidae]] a family of [[cleaner shrimp]].<ref name="Carideorum"/><ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=Michael Türkay |year=2012 |title=Alpheoidea |id=106709 |access-date=February 8, 2012}}</ref>
|-
! [[Atyoidea]]
| [[File:Atyagabonensis.jpg|120px|Atya gabonensis]]<br />''[[Atya gabonensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains one family, [[Atyidae]], with 42 genera.<ref name="Grave"/> They are present in all tropical and most temperate waters. Adults of this family are almost always confined to fresh water.
|-
! [[Bresilioidea]]
| [[File:Rimicaris kairei.jpg|120px|Rimicaris kairei]]<br />''[[Rimicaris kairei]]''
| valign=top | Likely to be an [[polyphyly|artificial group]], containing five families<ref name="Grave"/> which may or may not be related.<ref name="M&D">{{cite book |url=http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |title=An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea |author1=Joel W. Martin |author2=George E. Davis |year=2001 |pages=132 pp |publisher=[[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512091254/http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Campylonotoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains two families. [[Fenner A. Chace|Fenner Chace]] considered it to be a [[sister group]] to the much larger superfamily [[Palaemonoidea]] (below) with which it shares the absence of endopods on the pereiopods, and a first pereiopod that is thinner than the second.<ref>{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal natural history series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=Evolutionary history of the Caridea |pages=204–219 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA213}}</ref> Using [[molecular phylogenetics]], Bracken ''et al.'' proposed that Campylonotoidea may be closer to [[Atyoidea]] (above).<ref name="Grave"/><ref name="Bracken">{{cite book |author1=Heather D. Bracken |author2=Sammy De Grave |author3=Darryl L. Felder |year=2009 |chapter=Phylogeny of the infraorder Caridea based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes (Crustacea: Decapoda) |pages=281–305 |editor1=Joel W. Martin |editor2=Keith A. Crandall|editor2-link=Keith A. Crandall |editor3=Darryl L. Felder |title=Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1-4200-9258-5 |volume=18 |series=Crustacean issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bxs6SgSW2kQC&pg=PA295}}</ref>

|-
! [[Crangonoidea]]
| [[File:Crangon crangon.jpg|120px|Crangon crangon]]<br />''[[Crangon crangon]]''
| valign=top | Contains two families: including the family [[Crangonidae]].<ref name="Grave"/> ''[[Crangon crangon]]'' is abundant around the European coast has a sandy brown colour which it can change to match its environment. It lives in shallow water which can be slightly brackish, and it feeds nocturnally. During the day, it stays buried in the sand to escape predatory birds and fish, with only its antennae protruding.<ref name="ARKive">{{cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/invertebrates_marine/Crangon_crangon/ |title=''Crangon crangon'' |publisher=[[ARKive]] |access-date=June 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517033109/http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/invertebrates_marine/Crangon_crangon/ |archive-date=2008-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Galatheacaridoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains only one species, the rare ''Galatheacaris abyssalis''. Described in 1997 on the basis of what was then a single specimen, it was seen to be so different from previously known shrimp species that a new family Galatheacarididae and superfamily Galatheacaridoidea were erected for it.<ref>{{cite journal |title=New family and superfamily for a deep-sea caridean shrimp from the ''Galathea'' collections |author=Alexander L. Vereshchaka |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=1997 |pages=361–373 |jstor=1549285 |doi=10.2307/1549285|bibcode=1997JCBio..17..361V }}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] analyses has indicated that ''Galatheacaris abyssalis'' is the [[crustacean larvae|larval stage]] of ''[[Eugonatonotus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sammy DeGrave |author2=Ka Hou Chu |author3=Tin-Yam Y. Chan |year=2010 |title=On the systematic position of ''Galatheacaris abyssalis'' (Decapoda: Galatheacaridoidea) |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=521–527 |doi=10.1651/10-3278.1|doi-access=free |bibcode=2010JCBio..30..521C }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nematocarcinoidea]]
| [[File:Rhynchocinetes durbanensis.JPG|120px|Rhynchocinetes durbanensis]]<br />''[[Rhynchocinetes durbanensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains four families.<ref name="Carideorum"/><ref>{{cite web |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=Michael Türkay |year=2011 |title=Nematocarcinoidea |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106713 |access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref> They share the presence of strap-like epipods on at least the first three pairs of [[pereiopod]]s, and a blunt molar process.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gary C. B. Poore |year=2004 |title=Marine decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-643-06906-0 |chapter=Superfamily Nematocarcinoidea Smith, 1884 |pages=115–122 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TptuZCY3OU0C&pg=PT115}}</ref> One of the families, [[Rhynchocinetidae]], are a group of small, reclusive red-and-white shrimp. This family typically has an upward-hinged foldable [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]],<ref name="AFD"/> hence its taxon name "Rhynchocinetidae", which means "movable beak".<ref name="AFD">{{cite web |title=Rhynchocinetidae |work=[[Australian Faunal Directory]] |publisher=[[Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]] |date=October 9, 2008 |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/RHYNCHOCINETIDAE |access-date=August 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401225702/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/RHYNCHOCINETIDAE |archive-date=2011-04-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pictured is ''Rhynchocinetes durbanensis''.
|-
! [[Oplophoroidea]]
| [[File:HymenodoraGlacialis.jpg|120px|Hymenodora glacialis]]<br />''[[Hymenodora glacialis]]''
| valign=top | There is only one family, [[Oplophoridae]], of this [[pelagic]] shrimp, which contains 12 genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Palaemonoidea]]
| [[File:Palaemon elegans1.jpg|120px|Palaemon elegans]]<br />''[[Palaemon elegans]]''
| valign=top | Contains 8 families and nearly 1,000 species.<ref name="Grave"/> The position of the family [[Typhlocarididae]] is unclear, although the monophyly of a group containing the remaining seven families is well supported.<ref name="Bracken"/>
|-
! [[Pandaloidea]]
| [[File:Heterocarpus ensifer.jpg|120px|Heterocarpus ensifer]]<br />''[[Heterocarpus ensifer]]''
| valign=top | Contains two families. The larger family [[Pandalidae]] has 23 genera and about 200 species, including some of commercial significance.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Pasiphaeoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains one family with seven extant genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Physetocaridoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family with only one rare species, ''[[Physetocaris microphthalma]]''.<ref name="Grave"/> Adult ''Physetocaris microphthalma'' have no eyes, and cannot form a [[chela (organ)|claw]] because they are missing the last segment of the first [[pereiopod]]. They also have reduced [[gills]] and [[arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts]], and no [[exopod]]s on the pereiopods.<ref name="Bauer">{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal natural history series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=Physetocarididae |pages=65–66 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA66}}</ref> 
|-
! [[Processoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family comprising 65 species in 5 genera.<ref name="Grave"/> These small [[nocturnality|nocturnal]] shrimp live mostly in shallow seas, particularly on grass flats. The first [[pereiopod]]s are usually asymmetrical, with a claw on one but not the other. The [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] is generally a simple projection from the front of the [[carapace]], with two teeth, one at the tip, and one further back.<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Raymond B. Manning]] & [[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] |year=1971 |title=Shrimps of the family Processidae from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) |journal=[[Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=89 |url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5650/2/SCtZ-0089-Lo_res.pdf |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227003820/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5650/2/SCtZ-0089-Lo_res.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Psalidopodoidea]]
| [[File:PsalidopusSpiniventrisRay.jpg|120px|Psalidopus huxleyi]]<br />''[[Psalidopus huxleyi]]''
| valign=top | Contains a single family comprising three species, one in the western [[Atlantic Ocean]], and two in the [[Indo-Pacific]].<ref name="Grave"/><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5470/1/SCtZ-0277-Lo_res.pdf |title=''Psalidopus'': the scissor-foot shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) |author=[[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] & [[Lipke Holthuis]] |year=1978 |journal=[[Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=277 |issue=277 |pages=22 pp |doi=10.5479/si.00810282.277 |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227002508/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5470/1/SCtZ-0277-Lo_res.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="tosaensis">{{cite journal |author1=Masahiro Toriyama |author2=Hiroshi Horikawa |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin of the Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute |volume=26 |pages=1–8 |title=A new caridean shrimp, ''Psalidopus tosaensis'', from Tosa Bay, Japan (Decapoda: Caridea, Psalidopodidae) |url=http://feis.fra.affrc.go.jp/publi/bull_nansei/bull_nansei2601.pdf}}</ref>

|-
! [[Stylodactyloidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family made up of five genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|}