Editing Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) (section)

==Applicability to fuel cells==
Since [[fuel cell]]s can generate useful power when all components of the system are at the same temperature (<math>T=T_H=T_C</math>), they are clearly not limited by Carnot's theorem, which states that no power can be generated when <math>T_H=T_C</math>. This is because Carnot's theorem applies to engines converting thermal energy to work, whereas fuel cells instead convert [[chemical energy]] to work.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:KkaC5XqVzVgJ:filer.case.edu/org/hsfcproject/Unit%252036/36.1.3%2520Fuel%2520Cell%2520versus%2520Carnot%2520Efficiency.ppt+%22carnot+limit%22+%22fuel+cell%22&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj0jJDxV7N40e6SinnUfC9X_wqU6GHB4aPX6BlFRSYsfeixt1hGvyGLMAthvrl_Ws6k4r-Z8AdtYkjDqhVrIUwjO6rSA8y5JnGnqt73LWITIpc3KdeTUBe24GkaZcLs1BpHUxh5&sig=AHIEtbROSMlotD3mw6tegO0_v-uhvVwI2g
|title=Fuel Cell versus Carnot Efficiency
|access-date=Feb 20, 2011}}</ref> Nevertheless, the [[second law of thermodynamics]] still provides restrictions on fuel cell energy conversion.<ref>{{cite conference|url=http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/42739/|title=Fuel cell efficiency redefined : Carnot limit reassessed|last1=Jacob|first1=Kallarackel T|last2=Jain|first2=Saurabh|conference=Q1 - Ninth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC IX)|date=July 2005|location=USA|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083422/http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/42739/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A [[Carnot battery]] is a type of energy storage system that stores electricity in [[thermal energy storage]] and converts the stored heat back to electricity through thermodynamic cycles.<ref name="DumontFrate2020">{{cite journal
 | last1=Dumont | first1=Olivier | last2=Frate | first2=Guido Francesco
 | last3=Pillai | first3=Aditya | last4=Lecompte | first4=Steven
 | last5=De paepe | first5=Michel | last6=Lemort|first6=Vincent
 | title=Carnot battery technology: A state-of-the-art review
 | journal=Journal of Energy Storage|volume=32|year=2020|pages=101756
 | issn=2352-152X|doi=10.1016/j.est.2020.101756| bibcode=2020JEnSt..3201756D | hdl=2268/251473 | s2cid=225019981 | hdl-access=free}}</ref>