Editing Castles in Scotland (section)

==Decline==
[[File:Blair castle - facade.jpg|thumb|left|[[Blair Castle]], extensively rebuilt in the eighteenth century, it became a popular tourist location]]
In 1603 [[James VI of Scotland]] inherited the crown of England, bringing a period of peace between the two countries. The royal court left for London, and as a result – with the exceptions of occasional visits – building work on royal castles north of the border largely ceased.<ref>J. G. Dunbar, ''Scottish Royal Palaces: the Architecture of the Royal Residences during the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Periods'' (East Lothian: Tuckwell Press, 1999), {{ISBN|978-1-86232-042-0}}, p. vii.</ref><ref name=GlendinningMacInnes&MacKechniep38>M. Glendinning, R. MacInnes and A. MacKechnie, ''A History of Scottish Architecture: from the Renaissance to the Present Day'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002), {{ISBN|978-0-7486-0849-2}}, p. 38.</ref> Some castles continued to have modest military utility into the eighteenth century. The royal castles of [[Edinburgh Castle|Edinburgh]], [[Dumbarton Castle|Dumbarton]] and Stirling, along with [[Dunstaffnage Castle|Dunstaffnage]], [[Dunollie Castle|Dunollie]], [[Blackness Castle|Blackness]] and [[Ruthven Castle, Angus|Ruthven Castle]], continued in use as practical fortifications.<ref name=Whyte&Whytep76/><ref>C. J. Tabraham and D. Grove, ''Fortress Scotland and the Jacobites'' (London: Batsford, 2001), {{ISBN|978-0-7134-7484-8}}, p. 18.</ref> Tower houses were being built up until the 1640s. After the [[Restoration in Scotland|Restoration]] the fortified tower house fell out of fashion, but the weak state of the Scottish economy was such that, while many larger properties were simply abandoned, the more modest castles continued to be used and adapted as houses, rather than rebuilt.<ref name=Whyte&Whytep77>I. D. Whyte, and K. A. Whyte, ''The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1800'' (London: Routledge, 1991), {{ISBN|978-0-415-02992-6}}, p. 77.</ref><ref name=Reid2006p57>S. Reid, ''Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans, 1450–1650'' (Botley: Osprey, 2006), {{ISBN|1-84176-962-2}}, p. 57.</ref>

In the [[Bishop's Wars]] castles that held out for the king against the [[Covenanter]]s, including [[Caerlaverock Castle|Caerlaverock]] and [[Threave Castle|Threave]] in 1640, were [[slighting|slighted]], with their roofs removed and walls breached to make them uninhabitable. Tantallon was used as a base for Scottish attacks on [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s advancing army in 1651. As a result, it was pounded into submission by the [[New Model Army]]'s siege train, losing its end towers and ceasing to be a residence from that point.<ref name=Brown2009p57>M. Brown, ''Scottish Baronial Castles 1250–1450'' (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009), {{ISBN|1-84603-286-5}}, p. 57.</ref> The sequence of [[Jacobite risings]] from 1689 threatened the Crown in Scotland, culminating in the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|rebellion in 1745]].<ref name=Whyte&Whytep76/> Stirling was able to withstand the Jacobite attack in 1745 and the siege of [[Blair Castle]], at the end of the rebellion in 1746, was the final castle siege to occur in the British Isles.<ref>B. Lowry, ''Discovering Fortifications: From the Tudors to the Cold War'' (Risborough: Shire Publications), {{ISBN|978-0-7478-0651-6}}, pp. 37 and 45.</ref><ref name=Reid2006p7>S. Reid, ''Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans, 1450–1650'' (Botley: Osprey, 2006), {{ISBN|1-84176-962-2}}, p. 7.</ref> In the aftermath of the conflict [[Corgarff Castle|Corgaff]] and many others castles were used as barracks for the forces sent to garrison [[Scottish Highlands|the Highlands]].<ref name=Reid2006p57/> [[Kildrummy Castle|Kildrummy]], [[Huntly Castle|Huntly]] and [[Doune Castle|Doune]] were destroyed as a result of their part in the rebellion.<ref name=Brown2009p57/>

From the late eighteenth century, castles became tourist attractions. [[Blair Castle]] was a popular location on account of its landscaped gardens, and [[Stirling Castle]] because of its romantic historic connections.<ref>K. H. Grenier, ''Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3694-6}}, pp. 19 and 152.</ref> Tours became increasingly popular during the nineteenth century, usually starting at Edinburgh and then spending up to two weeks further north, taking advantage of the expanding rail and steamer network.<ref>K. H. Grenier, ''Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3694-6}}, pp. 69–70.</ref> Blair Castle remained popular, but additional castles joined the circuit, with [[Cawdor Castle]] becoming popular once the railway line reached north to [[Fort William, Scotland|Fort William]].<ref>K. H. Grenier, ''Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3694-6}}, p. 73.</ref> Scottish castle guidebooks became well known for providing long historical accounts of their sites, often drawing on the plots of [[Romanticism in Scotland|Romantic novels]] for the details.<ref>K. H. Grenier, ''Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3694-6}}, p. 152.</ref><ref>N. R. Jones, ''Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales'' (Westport: Greenwood Publishing, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-313-31850-4}}, p. 290.</ref> Sir [[Walter Scott]]'s novels set in Scotland popularised several northern castles, including Tantallon, which was featured in the poem ''[[Marmion (poem)|Marmion]]'' (1808).<ref>K. H. Grenier, ''Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3694-6}}, p. 82.</ref>