Editing Castration (section)

==== Punishment ====
[[Edward Gibbon]]'s ''[[The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]]'' reports castration of defeated [[Byzantine Greeks]] at the hands of the [[Franks|Frankish]] marquis [[Theobald I of Spoleto|Theobald]] of Camerino and Spoleto in the course of 10th-century wars in Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gibbon |first=Edward |title=The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]] |chapter=Chapter 56 |chapter-url= https://www.gutenberg.org/files/25717/25717-h/25717-h.htm#Elink562HCH0002 |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref> Gibbon also alludes to a 12th-century incident set out in [[William Fitzstephen]]'s ''Vita Sancti Thomae'' (''Life of [[Thomas Becket|St. Thomas]]'') in which [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey of Anjou]] castrated the members of the cathedral chapter of [[Sens Cathedral|Sens]] as a punishment for disobedience.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gibbon |first=Edward |title=The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |chapter=Chapter 59 |via=[[Project Gutenberg]] |chapter-url= https://www.gutenberg.org/files/25717/25717-h/25717-h.htm#Flink692HCH0001 |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Gourde |first= Leo T. |title=An Annotated Translation of the Life of St. Thomas Becket by William Fitzstephen |year=1943 |publisher=[[Loyola University Chicago]] |journal=Master's Theses |volume=622 |page=100 |url= https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/622 |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref> In the medieval [[kingdom of Georgia]], the 12th-century [[pretender]] [[Demna of Georgia|Demna]] was castrated by his uncle [[George III of Georgia]] to ensure the supremacy of George's branch of the family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Eastmond|first=Antony|title=Royal imagery in medieval Georgia|year= 1998| publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|location= University Park, Pennsylvania |isbn= 0271016280| page= 107| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2KPdSQU-Bx4C&pg=PA107 | via= Google Books }}</ref> Another victim of castration was the 12th-century medieval French philosopher, scholar, teacher, and (later) monk [[Pierre Abélard]]. He was castrated by relatives of his lover, [[Heloise (student of Abelard)|Héloïse]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Bertrand |title=The History of Western Philosophy |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofwestern00russ |url-access= registration |date=1945 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |page= [https://archive.org/details/historyofwestern00russ/page/436 436]}}</ref> [[Wimund|Bishop Wimund]], a 12th-century English adventurer and invader of the Scottish coast, was blinded and castrated after losing a power struggle.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Newburgh (of) |first1=William |title=Selections from the "Historia rerum anglicarum" of William of Newburgh, by Charles Johnson, M. A. |date=1920 |publisher=SPCK |page=21 |chapter-url= https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4923649W/Selections_from_the_Historia_rerum_anglicarum_of_William_of_Newburgh_by_Charles_Johnson_M._A |access-date=31 January 2020 |language=la |chapter=24 | via= openlibrary.org}}</ref> In medieval England, men found guilty of [[high treason]] were [[hanged, drawn and quartered]], which often included [[emasculation]] (removal of the genitalia).<ref>{{cite book|last=Bellamy|first=John|title=The Tudor Law of Treason|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1979|isbn=978-0-7100-8729-4|location=London|pages=202–204}}</ref>
[[File:Castration.jpg|right|thumb|The procedure of castration as punishment during the 16th century]]