Editing Chengdu (section)

==== Pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties ====
In the early stage of the [[Xia dynasty]] or even earlier, the ancient Shu Kingdom located on the Chengdu Plain has formed a relatively developed bronze civilization, becoming an important source of Chinese civilization and one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. According to records, there were five dynasties in the ancient Shu Kingdom, and their capitals were Qushang (now Wenjiang District, Chengdu), Piyi (now Pidu District), Xindu, and Guangdu. At the end of the Spring and Autumn period (around the 4th century BC), the fifth King Kaiming moved the capital to Chengdu. According to "Taiping Huanyu Ji", the name of the city is borrowed from the history of the establishment of the capital in the Western Zhou dynasty. The allusions of Zhou Wang Qianqi's "one year, he lived in a cluster, two years became a city, and three years Chengdu," because of the name Chengdu, it has been used to this day. Therefore, Chengdu has become a rare city in China and the world that has not changed its name since its establishment. Some people think that Chengdu is a transliteration of ancient Shu place names. There is a saying that "Guangdu, Xindu and Chengdu" are collectively referred to as the "Three Capitals of Ancient Shu". Nowadays, there are many cultural relics of ancient Shu Kingdom in Chengdu Plain, such as Sanxingdui Ruins, Jinsha Ruins, Yufu Ancient City Ruins, Wangcong Temple, etc. Jinsha Ruins located in the urban area of Chengdu is a peak of the development of ancient Shu culture.<ref>{{cite book |title=《成都市志·大事记》 |date=2010-12-01 |publisher=方志出版社 |isbn=978-7-80238-977-9 |pages=605–607}}</ref><ref>《史记·五帝本纪》：“一年而所居成聚，二年成邑，三年成都。”</ref><ref>《华阳国志·蜀志》：「蜀以成都、新都、广都为三都」</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=金沙简介 |url=http://www.jinshasitemuseum.com/About/Introduction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118075827/http://www.jinshasitemuseum.com/About/Introduction |archive-date=2021-01-18 |accessdate=2018-09-30 |website=成都金沙遗址博物馆}}</ref>

The Golden Mask of the Shang and Zhou dynasties at the Jinsha Site.

The ancient state of Shu was the first target to be conquered by the Qin state in the process of unifying the world. King Huiwen of Qin had prepared for this for many years, and opened up the Shiniu Road (that is, the Jinniu Road) from Qin to Shu. In 316 BC, King Huiwen of Qin took advantage of the mutual attack between Ba and Shu and sent Sima Cuo to lead his army into Shu along the Shiniu Road, capturing the land in a few months. After that, the king of Qin established three abolitions of Shu Hou, and finally established Shu County, and the county seat of Chengdu County was established in Chengdu, the former capital of Shu. In 311 BC, Zhang Yi of the Qin dynasty built the Chengdu city wall according to the system of the capital Xianyang, building a large city and a small city. In 256 BC, King Zhao of Qin appointed Li Bing as the governor of Shu County. During his tenure, he presided over the construction of the world-famous Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. The Chengdu Plain has been fertile and wild for thousands of miles since then. After decades of operation, Chengdu replaced Guanzhong Plain in the late Qin dynasty and was called the "Land of Abundance", and this reputation has continued to this day.<ref>{{cite news |date=2016-08-10 |title=白马关金牛古蜀道 石牛粪金起五丁开道成 |url=http://epaper.scdaily.cn/shtml/scrb/20160810/139442.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118075847/https://epaper.scdaily.cn/shtml/scrb/20160810/139442.shtml |archive-date=2021-01-18 |accessdate=2018-10-01 |work=四川日报}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=華陽國志 (四庫全書本)/卷03 |url=https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B703 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619164334/https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B703 |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=维基文库，自由的图书馆 |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author= |date=2016 |title=成都地区在南北朝佛教史上的重要地位 |url=http://www.fx361.com/page/2017/0103/469223.shtml |journal=《看历史》 |location=成都 |issue=11 |pages= |issn=2095-0853 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117081039/http://www.fx361.com/page/2017/0103/469223.shtml |archive-date=2021-01-17 |access-date=2017-09-21 |id=51-1732/K |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the Han dynasty, the Chengdu economy, especially its brocade industry, prospered, becoming an important source of tribute to the court. The imperial court invested in Chengdu and specially set up Jinguan management and built "Jinguan City" in the southwest of Chengdu, "Jinguan City" and "Jincheng" becoming nicknames for Chengdu. In the second year of Emperor Ping of the Yuan dynasty, the population of Chengdu reached 76,000 households, or about 354,000 people, making it one of the most populous cities at that time. Towards the six major cities. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han dynasty (141 BC), the Wen Dang, the prefect of Shu County, established the world's earliest local government-run school, "Wenweng Shishi", in Chengdu. In the Han dynasty, Chengdu's literature and art also reached a high level. All the most famous literary masters in the Han dynasty were from Chengdu, including Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, and Wang Bao.<ref>《汉书·食货志下》：「遂於长安及五都立五均官，更名长安 东西市令及洛阳、邯郸、临淄、宛、成都市长皆为五均司市师。」</ref><ref name="认识成都历史沿革">{{cite web |title=认识成都 - 历史沿革 |url=http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/cd_know/detail.jsp?id=273934 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816045846/http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/cd_know/detail.jsp?id=273934 |archivedate=2014-08-16 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |website=成都市人民政府}}</ref>

In the former Han dynasty, the whole country was divided into 14 prefectural governors' departments, among which the Yizhou governor was established in Luoxian (now Guanghan City, Sichuan), and the governor later moved to Chengdu. In the first year of Emperor Guangwu's reign (25 years) in the Eastern Han dynasty, Gongsun Shu established himself as the emperor in Chengdu, and the country's name was "married family". In the twelfth year of Jianwu in the Later Han dynasty (36 years), the Great Sima Wuhan of the Eastern Han dynasty finally captured Chengdu after five years of war, and his family perished. In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Emperor Ling of Han, the court accepted Liu Yan's suggestion and changed the provincial governors to state shepherds with actual recruitment and command power. In the fifth year of Chuping (194), it moved to Chengdu. At that time, the Yizhou Provincial Governor's Department was the place where the Hu people in the Western Regions were operating.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Chengdu, an Ancient and Modern City |url=http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/english/aboutCheng/2022-08/22/content_cfc5348d073e40fca7a79317e0331438.shtml |website=chengdu,China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=何一民. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1237410933 |title=<>. |date=2018 |publisher=四川人民出版社 |others=CNPeReading, 王毅. |isbn=978-7-220-10717-7 |oclc=1237410933}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781772631 |title=Chengdu tong shi |date=2011 |publisher=Sichuan ren min chu ban she |author="Chengdu tong shi" bian zuan wei yuan hui, 《成都通史》编纂委员会. |isbn=978-7-220-08208-5 |edition=Di 1 ban |location=Chengdu |oclc=781772631}}</ref>