Editing Chiefdom (section)

==Chiefdoms on the Indian subcontinent==

The [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] (3300 BCE - 1700 BCE) was a hegemony of chiefdoms with supreme chiefs in each and a system of subsidiary chiefs. The ranks of the chiefs included ordinary chiefs, elders, priests or cattle-owners and head chiefs.<ref>{{cite book | last=Fairservis | first=W.A. | title=The Harappan Civilization and Its Writing: A Model for the Decipherment of the Indus Script | publisher=E.J. Brill | year=1992 | isbn=978-81-204-0491-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckmzIlTQBh4C | page=133|author-link=Walter Fairservis}}</ref>

The ''[[Arthashastra]]'', a work on politics written some time between the 4th century BC and 2nd century AD by Indian author [[Chanakya]], similarly describes the [[Rajamandala]] (or "Raja-mandala,")  as circles of friendly and enemy states surrounding the state of a king (''[[raja]]'').<ref name="avari-2007">{{cite book|first=Burjor|last=Avari|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1e2V_4Um10C|title=India, the Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0415356152|pages=188–189|access-date=2015-11-20|archive-date=2022-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012012559/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1e2V_4Um10C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Prof. Mahendra Prasad|last=Singh|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80q_hd7ASdEC|title=Indian Political Thought: Themes and Thinkers|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-8131758519|pages=11–13|access-date=2015-11-20|archive-date=2022-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012012601/https://books.google.com/books?id=80q_hd7ASdEC|url-status=live}}</ref> Also see Suhas Chatterjee, ''Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom'' (1995).<ref>{{cite book|title=Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom|first=Suhas|last=Chatterjee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YON9iVgsDRUC|publisher=Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=1995|isbn=8185880727|access-date=2015-11-20|archive-date=2022-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012013100/https://books.google.com/books?id=YON9iVgsDRUC|url-status=live}}</ref>