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Child neglect
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===Intra-personal=== At the intra-personal level, the discussion around neglectful parents' characteristics often focuses on mothers, reflecting traditional notions of women as primary caregivers for children.<ref name=TT0 /><ref name=Scou0>Scourfield, J (2003) ''Gender and Child Protection''. Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan.</ref> "Neglectful attributes" have included an inability to plan, lack of confidence about the future, difficulty with managing money, emotional immaturity, lack of knowledge of children's needs, a large number of children, being a teenage mother, high levels of stress and poor socioeconomic circumstances.<ref name=Coo0>{{cite journal | last1 = Coohey | first1 = C | year = 1995 | title = Neglectful Mothers, Their Mothers, and Partners: The Significance of Mutual Aid | journal = Child Abuse and Neglect | volume = 19 | issue = 8| pages = 885β95 | doi=10.1016/0145-2134(95)00051-9| pmid = 7583748 }}</ref><ref name=Gio0>Giovanni, J M & Becerra, R M (1979) ''Defining Child Abuse''. New York: The Free Press.</ref><ref name=May0>Mayall, P D & Norgard, K E (1983) ''Child Abuse and Neglect: Sharing Responsibility''. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.</ref><ref name=Pol0>Polansky, N A, Chalmers, M A, Buttenwieser, E & Williams D P (1981) ''Damaged Parents: An Anatomy of Child Neglect''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref name=Tom0>Thompson, R A (1995) ''Preventing Child Maltreatment Through Social Support''. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: Sage.</ref> Mental health problems, particularly depression, have been linked with a parent's inability to meet a child's needs.<ref name=Min1>Minty, B (2005) "The Nature of Emotional Child Neglect and Abuse" in J Taylor & B Daniel (eds) ''Child Neglect: Practice Issues for Health and Social Care'' (57β72). London & Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.</ref> Likewise, substance misuse is believed to play a crucial role in undermining a parent's ability to cope with parental responsibilities. Recent empirical works have also pointed to parental burnout (i.e., chronic lack of parenting resources) as an especially potent mechanism in driving neglectful behaviour toward children.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Blanchard MA, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M, Heeren A |title=A network approach to parental burnout |journal=Child Abuse & Neglect |volume=111 |pages=104826 |year=2021 | doi = 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104826|pmid=33310372 |s2cid=229178168 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104826 }}</ref> While the literature largely focuses on mothers, the role of fathers in neglect, as well as the impact of their absence, remains largely unexplored. There is still little known about whether mothers and fathers neglect differently and how this affects children. Similarly, not much is known about whether girls and boys experience neglect differently.
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