Editing Chromolithography (section)

==Notable printers==

===Louis Prang===
{{Main article|Louis Prang}}

A famous lithographer and publisher who strongly supported the production of chromolithographs was [[Louis Prang]]. Prang was a German-born entrepreneur who printed the first American [[Christmas card]].<ref name="Stankiewicz, Mary Ann 1985">Stankiewicz, Mary Ann. "A Picture Age: Reproductions in Picture Study." ''Studies in Art Education'' 26(1985): 86-92.</ref> He felt that chromolithographs could look just as good as, if not better than, real paintings, and he published well-known chromolithographs based on popular paintings, including one by [[Eastman Johnson]] entitled ''The Barefoot Boy''.<ref name="Clapper, Michael 2002"/> The reason Prang decided to take on the challenge of producing chromolithographs, despite criticisms, was because he felt quality art should not be limited to the elite.<ref name="Stankiewicz, Mary Ann 1985"/> Prang and others who continued to produce chromolithographs were sometimes looked down upon because of the fear that chromolithographs could undermine human abilities. With the [[Industrial Revolution]] already under way, this fear was not something new to Americans at the time. Many artists themselves anticipated the lack of desire for original artwork since many became accustomed to chromolithographs.<ref name="Clapper, Michael 2002"/> As a way to make more sales, some artists had a few paintings made into chromolithographs so that people in society would at least be familiar with the painter. Once people in society were familiar with the artist, they were more likely to want to pay for an original work.<ref name="Clapper, Michael 2002"/>

===Lothar Meggendorfer===
German chromolithographers, largely based in [[Bavaria]], came to dominate the trade with their low-cost high-volume productions. Of these printers, [[Lothar Meggendorfer]] garnered international fame for his children's educational books and games. Owing to political unrest in mid-19th century Germany, many Bavarian printers emigrated to the United Kingdom and the United States, and Germany's monopoly on chromolithographic printing dissipated.

===August Hoen===
[[A. Hoen & Co.]], led by German immigrant August Hoen, were a prominent lithography house now known primarily for its stunning [[E.T. Paull]] sheet music covers.  They also made advertisements, maps, and cigar box art.  Hoen and his brothers Henry and Ernest took over the E. Weber Company in the mid-1850s upon Edward Weber's death.  August Hoen's son Alfred ran the firm from 1886 throughout the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perfessorbill.com/artists/ahoen.shtml |title=A. Hoen & Company |publisher=Perfessorbill.com |date=1956-05-01 |access-date=2011-10-12}}</ref>

===Rufus Bliss===
Rufus Bliss founded R. Bliss Mfg. Co., which was located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island from 1832 to 1914.
The Bliss company is best known for their highly sought after paper litho on wood [[dollhouses]].  They also made many other lithoed toys, including boats, trains, and building blocks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/200702A11.html |title=Bliss Fire House & Pumper, ca. 1900 &#124; Roadshow Archive |publisher=PBS |access-date=2011-10-12}}</ref>

===M. & N. Hanhart===
Established in Mulhouse in 1830 by Michael Hanhart who initially worked with Godefroy Engelmann in London. The firm, established at Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, was named after his two sons Michael and Nicholas. Artists like Joseph Wolf, Joseph Smit, J G Keulemans and others worked for him to produce natural history illustrations that were used in the ''Ibis'' (1859–1874), ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' (1848–1900), works by [[Philip Henry Gosse|P.H. Gosse]],<ref>The Hanharts produced tinted lithographs for eight plates of Gosse's ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pzsXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=naturalist%27s+sojourn+in+jamaica&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7_emo6pSMAxU1lYkEHTrXKzwQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=naturalist's%20sojourn%20in%20jamaica&f=false Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica]'' (1851), drawn on the stone by Gosse, and six chromolithograph plates for Gosse's ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9PBhAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gosse+%22aquarium%22+1854&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4voK66pSMAxVpv4kEHX9RD80Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=gosse%20%22aquarium%22%201854&f=false Aquarium]'' (1854), from the author's original water colors; Wertheimer, Douglas (2024), ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1495001167 Philip Henry Gosse: A Biography],'' Glasgow: Brethren Archivists and Historians Network, pp.203-205.</ref> and a range of books. The company wound up in 1902 after the death of Nicholas Hanhart and the rise of new printing techniques.<ref>{{cite journal|journal= Archives of Natural History |year=1999| title= M. & N. Hanhart: printers of natural history plates, 1830-1903 | author=Jackson, CE| volume=26| issue=2|pages=287–292| doi=10.3366/anh.1999.26.2.287|pmid=19350742 }}</ref>