Editing Chromosomal translocation (section)

==Chromosomal Structural Changes==
Changes in chromosome structure can be due to deletions, duplications and inversions, ultimately resulting in 3 main kinds of structural changes.

[[Isochromosome]]s result when a chromosome has two identical arms, such as two P or two Q arms, instead of the expected Q and P pairing. These isochromosomal structural changes can result in a loss of information, as well as a change in expression within the body due to the duplication of one set of chromosomal arms.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Parang |title=What Are Translocations? |url=https://www.webmd.com/children/what-are-translocations |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=WebMD |language=en}}</ref>

[[Dicentric chromosome]]s are chromosomes with two centromeres, resulting in an instability within the chromosome and a loss of genetic information due to the fusion of two chromosome pieces with a centromere.<ref name=":14" /> This results in a singular chromosome having two centromeres, due to the fusion of two chromosomal pieces with one centromere each, therefore resulting in the fusion of two centromeres.

Ring chromosomes are chromosomes that form when the ends of the previous chromosomes break off to form a circular structure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yip |first1=Moh-Ying |title=Autosomal ring chromosomes in human genetic disorders |journal=Translational Pediatrics |date=April 2015 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=164–174 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.03.04 |pmid=26835370 |pmc=4729093 }}</ref> This results in a loss of genetic material as well as the potential loss of the chromosomal centromere.<ref name=":14" />