Editing Civil engineer (section)

===Scandinavia===
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In [[Scandinavia]]n countries, "civil engineer" ({{lang|sv|civilingenjör}} in Swedish; {{lang|no|sivilingeniør}} in Norwegian; {{lang|da|civilingeniør}} in Danish) is a [[first professional degree]], approximately equivalent to [[Master of Science in Engineering]], and a protected title granted to students by selected [[institute of technology|institutes of technology]]. As in English, the word has its origin in the distinction between civilian and military engineers; before the start of the 19th century only military engineers existed, and the prefix "civil" was a way to separate those who had studied engineering in a regular university from their military counterparts. Today the degree spans over all fields within engineering, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and electronics engineering, among others.

There is generally a slight difference between a Master of Science in Engineering degree and the Scandinavian civil engineer degree, the latter's programme having closer ties with the industry's demands. A civil engineer is the better-known of the two; still, the area of expertise remains obfuscated for most of the public. A noteworthy difference is the mandatory courses in mathematics and physics, regardless of the equivalent master's degree, e.g. computer science.

Although a "college engineer" ({{lang|sv|högskoleingenjör, diplomingenjör,}} or {{lang|sv|mellaningenjör}} in Swedish; {{lang|no|høgskoleingeniør}} in Norwegian; {{lang|da|diplomingeniør}} in Danish) is roughly equivalent to a [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor of Science]] in Scandinavia, to become a "civil engineer" one often has had to do up to one extra year of overlapping studies compared to attaining a B.Sc./M.Sc. combination. This is because the higher educational system is not fully adapted to the international standard graduation system, since it is treated as a [[professional degree]]. Today (2009) this is starting to change due to the [[Bologna process]].

A Scandinavian {{lang|sv|civilingenjör}} will in international contexts commonly use the title of "Master of Science in Engineering" and will occasionally wear an engineering [[class ring]]. At the [[Norwegian Institute of Technology]] (now the [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology]]), the tradition with an [[NTH Ring]] goes back to 1914, before the Canadian [[Iron Ring|iron ring]].