Editing Classroom (section)

===Classroom arrangement ===
[[File:ClassroomMoveableFurnitureITESMCCM 02.JPG|thumb|Redesigned classroom with moveable furniture at [[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City]], United States ]] 
[[Class arrangement|Classroom arrangement]] or the arrangement of furniture is an important aspect because students spend most of their time seated in the classroom. The furniture should be able to move and easy to arrange to allow students to sit in places that are best suited for their learning styles so they can focus on work<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=Lawrence|title=Setting the Stage for Learning|journal=Theory into Practice|date=5 November 2009|volume=16|issue=3|doi=10.1080/00405847709542693|pages=167–173}}</ref>

Traditionally, classrooms have had one setup: straight rows of desks facing the front of the classroom. The row style allows teachers ample amount of space to walk around. This makes it easier for teachers to supervise the students work and catch any students that may be misbehaving, insuring that students stay focused. Studies have found that the row style also fosters less off topic talking causing the atmosphere to be more conducive to learning.<ref name="Seating Arrangements">{{cite journal|last1=Wannarka|first1=Rachel|last2=Ruhl|first2=Kathy|s2cid=11916658|title=Seating arrangements that promote positive academic and behavioural outcomes: a review of empirical research|journal=Support for Learning|date=May 2008|volume=23|issue=2|pages=89–93|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00375.x}}</ref> While the row style sounds ideal from a teacher's standpoint it can be damaging to the student's well-being. The row style of desk arrangement has been found to cause the students to withdraw.<ref name=Effects>{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfield|last2=Lambert|last3=Black|title=Desk Arrangement Effects On Pupil Classroom Behavior|journal=Journal of Educational Psychology|date=1985|volume=77|pages=101–108|doi=10.1037/0022-0663.77.1.101}}</ref>

An alternative to the traditional row style desk pavement is to arrange the desks in groups. Phil Beadle, a UK Secondary Teacher of the Year, believes that it is best to arrange the desks in groups of six desks if at all possible. This allows for the most use out of the desk arrangement as you have the ability to utilize groups of two, three, or six students without moving a single chair.<ref name="How To Teach">{{cite book|last1=Beadle|first1=P.|title=. How to Teach: The ultimate (and ultimately irreverent) look at what you should be doing in your classroom if you want to be the best teacher you can possibly be|date=2010|publisher=Crown House Publishing}}</ref> Beadle is not the only teacher to swear by group desk arrangement; studies have shown that the group desk placement setup produces a greater number of on task actions than any other form of desk placement.<ref name=Effects/> The group setup does have one potentially serious negative side effect. Students sitting in group desk placements are more likely to misbehave when the teacher is not looking, like using iPads that are provided by the school, such as in the [[Cupertino]] Union School District. To avoid this the groups of desks should be arranged around the outside of the room giving the teacher plenty of room to walk around and supervise as well as providing room for kinesthetic activities that can be beneficial to the students learning.<ref name="How To Teach"/>

The final popular desk arrangement is the circle/semicircle placement. This particular desk setup is growing in popularity due to the numerous positive outcomes it provides. The circle desk arrangement facilitates the flow of ideas by fostering positive group dynamics. When sitting in a circle it is easier for students to not only see who is talking, but to make eye contact with the speaker. Students sitting in a circle arrangement tend to feel more comfortable speaking up and asking questions.<ref name="Seating Arrangements"/> This style of desk placement also makes it easier for teachers to control the class, preventing misbehaving and off task comments as it allows them to easily see all the students, and allows all the students to see the teacher.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waters |first=Helena |date=2022-04-25 |title=12 Must-Have Teacher Desk Accessories Every Teacher Needs: Classroom Organization Tips |url=https://schoolsparks.com/12-must-have-teacher-desk-accessories-every-teacher-needs-classroom-organization-tips/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=School Sparks |language=en-US}}</ref> Besides, the type of furniture may play an important role in the learning space. There is a relationship between the ergonomic characteristics of the educational furniture and the number of cognitive errors: the more ergonomic characteristics of the furniture, the less error. There is also an error percentage reduction using separated chair and desk.<ref>Jafari A, Arghami Sh, Kamali K, Zenozian S. Relationship Between Educational Furniture Design and Cognitive Error. In Congress of the International Ergonomics Association 2018 Aug 26 (pp. 649-656). Springer, Cham.</ref>