Editing Coiled coil (section)

=== Molecular spacers ===
The coiled-coil motif may also act as a spacer between two objects within a cell.  The lengths of these molecular spacer coiled-coil domains are highly conserved. The purpose of these molecular spacers may be to separate protein domains, thus keeping them from interacting, or to separate vesicles within the cell to mediate vesicle transport. An example of this first purpose is Omp‐α found in ''[[Thermotoga maritima|T. maritima]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Truebestein |first1=Linda |last2=Leonard |first2=Thomas A. |date=September 2016 |title=Coiled-coils: The long and short of it |journal=BioEssays |language=en |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=903–916 |doi=10.1002/bies.201600062 |issn=0265-9247 |pmc=5082667 |pmid=27492088}}</ref> Other proteins keep vesicles apart, such as p115, [[giantin]], and [[GM130]] which interact with each other via coiled-coil motifs and act as a tether between the [[Golgi apparatus|Golgi]] and a nearby vesicle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Linstedt |first1=Adam D. |last2=Jesch |first2=Stephen A. |last3=Mehta |first3=Amy |last4=Lee |first4=Tina H. |last5=Garcia-Mata |first5=Rafael |last6=Nelson |first6=David S. |last7=Sztul |first7=Elizabeth |date=April 2000 |title=Binding Relationships of Membrane Tethering Components |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=275 |issue=14 |pages=10196–10201 |doi=10.1074/jbc.275.14.10196 |pmid=10744704 |issn=0021-9258 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The family of proteins related to this activity of tethering vesicles to the Golgi are known as golgins.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Witkos |first1=Tomasz M. |last2=Lowe |first2=Martin |date=2016-01-11 |title=The Golgin Family of Coiled-Coil Tethering Proteins |journal=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |volume=3 |page=86 |doi=10.3389/fcell.2015.00086 |issn=2296-634X |pmc=4707255 |pmid=26793708 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Finally, there are several proteins with coiled-coil domains involved in the [[kinetochore]], which keeps [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] separated during [[cell division]]. These proteins include [[NDC80|Ndc-80]], and [[NUF2|Nuf2p]]. Related proteins interact with [[Microtubule|microtubules]] during cell division, of which mutation leads to cell death.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jeyaprakash |first1=A. Arockia |last2=Santamaria |first2=Anna |last3=Jayachandran |first3=Uma |last4=Chan |first4=Ying Wai |last5=Benda |first5=Christian |last6=Nigg |first6=Erich A. |last7=Conti |first7=Elena |date=May 2012 |title=Structural and Functional Organization of the Ska Complex, a Key Component of the Kinetochore-Microtubule Interface |journal=Molecular Cell |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=274–286 |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2012.03.005 |pmid=22483620 |issn=1097-2765|doi-access=free }}</ref>