Editing Collaborative intelligence (section)

==Application==
Collaborative intelligence addresses problems where individual expertise, potentially conflicting priorities of stakeholders, and different interpretations of diverse experts are critical for problem-solving. Potential future applications include:
* competitions, where submissions must be integrated to produce a synergistic outcome; 
* smart search, where [[social network]]s of searchers on related topics co-define search results;
* professional groups, interest collectives, citizen science and other communities, where knowledge-sharing is a prerequisite for effective outcomes;
* planning, development, and sustainable project management;
* smart systems to transform independent cities into collaborative, ecological urban networks

Wikipedia, one of the most popular websites on the Internet, is an exemplar of an innovation network manifesting distributed collaborative intelligence that illustrates principles for experimental business laboratories and start-up accelerators.<ref>Gill, Zann (2013). Wikipedia: Case Study of Innovation Harnessing Collaborative Intelligence. In: Martin Curley and Piero Formica (Editors). ''The Experimental Nature of Venture Creation: Capitalizing on Open Innovation 2.0''. NY: Springer.</ref>

A new generation of tools to support collaborative intelligence is poised to evolve from crowdsourcing platforms, [[recommender system]]s, and [[evolutionary computation]].<ref name=res/> Existing tools to facilitate group problem-solving include collaborative groupware, [[synchronous conferencing]] technologies such as [[instant messaging]], [[online chat]], and shared white boards, which are complemented by asynchronous messaging like [[E-Mail|electronic mail]], threaded, moderated discussion [[Internet Forum|forum]]s, web logs, and group [[Wiki]]s. Managing the Intelligent Enterprise relies on these tools, as well as methods for group member interaction; promotion of creative thinking; group membership feedback; quality control and peer review; and a documented group memory or knowledge base. As groups work together, they develop a shared memory, which is accessible through the collaborative artifacts created by the group, including meeting minutes, transcripts from threaded discussions, and drawings. The shared memory (group memory) is also accessible through the memories of group members; current interest focuses on how technology can support and augment the effectiveness of shared past memory and capacity for future problem-solving. Metaknowledge characterizes how knowledge content interacts with its knowledge context in cross-disciplinary, multi-institutional, or global distributed collaboration.<ref>Evans, J.A. and Foster, J.G. (2011) Metaknowledge. ''Science''. vol. 331. 11 February. pp. 721&ndash;725.</ref>