Editing Colostrum (section)

=== Health effects of consumption by humans===
Bovine colostrum and human colostrum contain many of the same antibodies, immune and growth factors, and nutrients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McGrath BA, Fox PF, McSweeney PL, Kelly AL |title=Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: a review |journal=Dairy Science & Technology |date=March 2016 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=133–158 |doi=10.1007/s13594-015-0258-x |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="webmd1">{{cite web |title=Bovine Colostrum: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-785/bovine-colostrum |website=WebMD |access-date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

There is also research suggesting that a large proportion of colostrum is not fit for human consumption "due to tremendous bacterial loads". Salmonella was detected in 15% of unpasteurised samples.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houser BA, Donaldson SC, Kehoe SI, Heinrichs AJ, Jayarao BM | title = A survey of bacteriological quality and the occurrence of Salmonella in raw bovine colostrum | journal = Foodborne Pathogens and Disease | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 853–858 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 18991543 | doi = 10.1089/fpd.2008.0141 }}</ref> Pasteurisation reduces the bioactive proteins many of the benefits rely upon, however.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dominguez E, Perez MD, Calvo M | title = Effect of heat treatment on the antigen-binding activity of anti-peroxidase immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum | journal = Journal of Dairy Science | volume = 80 | issue = 12 | pages = 3182–3187 | date = December 1997 | pmid = 9436097 | doi = 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76290-8 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==== Respiratory system ====
Colostrum may  support [[Respiratory system|respiratory health]] in adults and children.<ref name="Ulfman">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ulfman LH, Leusen JH, Savelkoul HF, Warner JO, van Neerven RJ | title = Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection | journal = Frontiers in Nutrition | volume = 5 | pages = 52 | date = 22 June 2018 | pmid = 29988421 | pmc = 6024018 | doi = 10.3389/fnut.2018.00052 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Cesarone>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Pellegrini L, Del Boccio G, Fano F, Ledda A, Bottari A, Ricci A, Stuard S, Vinciguerra G | title = Prevention of influenza episodes with colostrum compared with vaccination in healthy and high-risk cardiovascular subjects: the epidemiologic study in San Valentino | journal = Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 130–136 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17456621 | doi = 10.1177/1076029606295957 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Saad">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saad K, Abo-Elela MG, El-Baseer KA, Ahmed AE, Ahmad FA, Tawfeek MS, El-Houfey AA, Aboul Khair MD, Abdel-Salam AM, Abo-Elgheit A, Qubaisy H, Ali AM, Abdel-Mawgoud E | title = Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children | journal = Medicine | volume = 95 | issue = 37 | pages = e4560 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27631207 | pmc = 5402550 | doi = 10.1097/MD.0000000000004560 }}</ref> One study of human subjects suggested that oral colostrum was effective in preventing influenza.<ref name=Cesarone/> Bovine colostrum was shown to reduce symptoms of [[allergic rhinitis]] in children.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=C. |title=O033 Bovine colostrum as an adjunct therapy in the control of allergic respiratory disease in children |journal=Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology |date=November 2016 |volume=117 |issue=5 |pages=S12 |doi=10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.393 }}</ref>

==== Digestive system====

Colostrum may help to maintain and support [[Intestinal permeability|intestinal integrity]] and improve [[Digestion|nutrient absorption]], while its naturally occurring [[Prebiotic (nutrition)|prebiotics]] feed beneficial [[Gut microbiota|gut bacteria]] in adults and children.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7 |chapter=Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults |title=Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan |date=2017 |pages=3–20 |isbn=978-0-12-809868-4 | vauthors = Buttar HS, Bagwe SM, Bhullar SK, Kaur G }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Playford R |title=Peptide therapy and the gastroenterologist: colostrum and milk-derived growth factors |journal=Clinical Nutrition |date=June 2001 |volume=20 |pages=101–106 |doi=10.1054/clnu.2001.0434 }}</ref><ref name="Patel 585–591">{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel K, Rana R | title = Pedimune in recurrent respiratory infection and diarrhoea--the Indian experience--the pride study | journal = Indian Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 73 | issue = 7 | pages = 585–591 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16877852 | doi = 10.1007/BF02759923 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Gopal 69–74">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gopal PK, Gill HS | title = Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 84 | issue = S1 | pages = S69–S74 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11242449 | doi = 10.1017/s0007114500002270 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mehra R, Garhwal R, Sangwan K, Guiné RP, Lemos ET, Buttar HS, Visen PK, Kumar N, Bhardwaj A, Kumar H | title = Insights into the Research Trends on Bovine Colostrum: Beneficial Health Perspectives with Special Reference to Manufacturing of Functional Foods and Feed Supplements | journal = Nutrients | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 659 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 35277018 | pmc = 8840100 | doi = 10.3390/nu14030659 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

====Older children====
Colostrum may have continued benefits in children over the age of one: to support children's immune systems, soothe digestive upsets, and otherwise support digestive health.<ref name="Saad"/><ref name="Patel 585–591"/><ref name="Barakat 46–55">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA | title = Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial | journal = Journal of Tropical Pediatrics | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–55 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31168590 | doi = 10.1093/tropej/fmz029 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Huppertz HI, Rutkowski S, Busch DH, Eisebit R, Lissner R, Karch H | title = Bovine colostrum ameliorates diarrhea in infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, and E. coli expressing intimin and hemolysin | journal = Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 452–456 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10512407 | doi = 10.1097/00005176-199910000-00015 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Gopal 69–74"/>

==== Sports nutrition ====
Bovine colostrum may help maintain a healthy immune system during athletic training, while supporting cellular proliferation as well as protein synthesis and soft tissue repair.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Slavotinek JP, Kurmis AP | title = Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on the composition of resistance trained and untrained limbs in healthy young men | journal = European Journal of Applied Physiology | volume = 91 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–60 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14504943 | doi = 10.1007/s00421-003-0944-x }}</ref><ref name="The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supp">{{cite journal | vauthors = Duff WR, Chilibeck PD, Rooke JJ, Kaviani M, Krentz JR, Haines DM | title = The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation in older adults during resistance training | journal = International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 276–285 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24281841 | doi = 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0182 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kotsis Y, Mikellidi A, Aresti C, Persia E, Sotiropoulos A, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T | title = A low-dose, 6-week bovine colostrum supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in soccer players | journal = European Journal of Nutrition | volume = 57 | issue = 3 | pages = 1181–1195 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 28285432 | pmc = 5861165 | doi = 10.1007/s00394-017-1401-7 }}</ref> One study showed that one brand of concentrated bovine colostrum powder improved running performance in one test, on average, in thirty males but did not improve performance in another test.<ref name="Bovine colostrum supplementation du">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buckley JD, Abbott MJ, Brinkworth GD, Whyte PB | title = Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance | journal = Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 65–79 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12188088 | doi = 10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80028-7 }}</ref>

==== Skin ====
Bovine colostrum (BC) affects skin. A study<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jogi R, Tager MJ, Perez D, Tsapekos M | title = Bovine Colostrum, Telomeres, and Skin Aging | journal = Journal of Drugs in Dermatology | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 538–545 | date = May 2021 | pmid = 33938706 | doi = 10.36849/JDD.5851 | doi-broken-date = 30 December 2024 }}</ref> conducted in 2021 by Jogi Reena et al. found that Bovine Colostrum may help delay skin aging by reducing telomere shortening, which is a marker of cellular aging. The researchers attributed these benefits to the [[antioxidant]] properties of BC, which help maintain telomere length and boost fibroblast proliferation—a key element in [[collagen]] production and the maintenance of skin structure.

'''Enhanced Healing and Regeneration'''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim H, Kim DE, Han G, Lim NR, Kim EH, Jang Y, Cho H, Jang H, Kim KH, Kim SH, Yang Y | title = Harnessing the Natural Healing Power of Colostrum: Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Colostrum Facilitating the Transition from Inflammation to Tissue Regeneration for Accelerating Cutaneous Wound Healing | journal = Advanced Healthcare Materials | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = e2102027 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 34865307 | pmc = 11468066 | doi = 10.1002/adhm.202102027 }}</ref>''':''' BC has been shown to stimulate fibroblast activity, aiding in the repair of damaged skin and the creation of new tissue, making it effective for wound healing and scar reduction.

'''Anti-Aging Properties''': BC is rich in antioxidants that combat free radicals, which are significant contributors to skin aging.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Makes Colostrum Powder Beneficial for Skin Health? |url=https://wellnessextract.com/blogs/wellness/what-makes-colostrum-powder-beneficial-for-skin-health |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Wellness Extract USA |language=en}}</ref> These antioxidants, combined with growth factors,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Duan |first1=Hao |last2=Sun |first2=Qian |last3=Chen |first3=Chao |last4=Wang |first4=Rongchang |last5=Yan |first5=Wenjie |date=January 2024 |title=A Review: The Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Immunity in People of All Ages |journal=Nutrients |language=en |volume=16 |issue=13 |pages=2007 |doi=10.3390/nu16132007 |doi-access=free |pmid=38999755 |pmc=11242949 }}</ref> improve skin elasticity and firmness, helping to diminish the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.<ref name=":0" /> A clinical study<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Bhatti |first1=Hammad A |last2=Basra |first2=Mohammad K A |last3=Patel |first3=Girish K |date=2013 |title=Hair restoration approaches for early onset male androgenetic alopecia |journal=Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=223–231 |doi=10.1111/jocd.12047 |pmid=23992164 }}</ref> published in the ''Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology'' found that topical application of antioxidants significantly improved skin texture and reduced signs of aging in participants over a 12-week period.<ref name=":1" />

'''Wound Healing'''<ref name=Mandloi>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mandloi V, Banerjee T, Sharma A, Pratap A, Ansari MA, Srivastava V | title = Role of Bovine Colostrum Dressing on Chronic Non-Healing Wounds in Comparison to Conventional Dressing: A Case-Control Study | journal = The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds | pages = 15347346241241578 | date = April 2024 | pmid = 38592472 | doi = 10.1177/15347346241241578 }}</ref>''':''' The immunoglobulins and [[lactoferrin]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Does Lactoferrin Supplement Do? Unveiling Its Health Benefits |url=https://wellnessextract.com/blogs/wellness/what-does-lactoferrin-supplement-do-unveiling-its-health-benefits |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Wellness Extract USA |language=en}}</ref> in topically applied BC work together to improve the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment score of chronic non-healing ulcers on day 21 of treatment.<ref name=Mandloi/>