Editing Colwinston (section)

===16th to 19th century===
The Norman tradition of [[primogeniture]] had taken over in Glamorgan, in contrast with traditional Welsh law. In the 1670s, With no sons to inherit, the Carne family lands were divided between two surviving Carne daughters upon their marriages. Colwinston thus became the property of [[Sir Edward Mansel, 4th Baronet]], of Margam when he married Martha Carne.<ref>{{Cite DWB|id=s-MANS-OXW-1250|title=MANSEL family, of Oxwich, Penrice, and Margam Abbey, Glam.|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref>

In 1747 [[Bussy Mansel, 4th Baron Mansel]], succeeded to the title. Having no male heirs, he sold the ‘Manor of Colwinston’ to David Thomas ‘of Bath’. Thomas had married into the family that owned [[Pwllywrach]], where he built a new ‘Manor house’. Four generations later the Manor was again without a male heir after the death of Hubert be Burgh Thomas. His sister, Mary Anna Thomas, married Charles John Prichard some time after 1878, placing the land at Colwinston in trust for their son, [[Hubert Prichard|Hubert Cecil Prichard]].<ref name="Chris Hawker 2018">{{cite book|author=Chris Hawker|title=Colwinston: a historical journey|publisher=Cowbridge History Society|year=2018|isbn=9781999687403}}</ref>

Small farms were often then sold on to other farmers and landowners in this period. The Golden Mile Common, an area of approximately 70 acres lying alongside the A48, was ‘enclosed’ by an Act of Parliament called the ‘Golden Mile Award’ in 1871.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}} The village population in the 19th century thus became formed around the Pwllywrach House and Hilton Farm, a number of small farm units stretching west–east from Ty Maen to the Yew Tree and Chapel Farms, north to Claypit and Highfield Farms and south to Stembridge and Parcau Farms, some labourers’ cottages owned by the Pwllywrach estate and others, the Church and the Parsonage (and the then Vicarage) and three chapels. Some of the land on the northern side of village was owned by [[Jesus College, Oxford]]. Agriculture was supported by other trades including the Sycamore Tree Inn (recorded back to at least 1840, the building is post-medieval),<ref>{{Coflein|num=20018 |desc=Sycamore Tree Inn |access-date=30 September 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> a forge and blacksmith, baker, shoemaker, post office and horse breaker.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Hawker|title=Colwinston: a historical journey|publisher=Cowbridge History Society|year=2018|isbn=9781999687403}} Pp.27-34.</ref>

However, there was a substantial turnover in the village population following the start of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. Census records show that of the 268 people living in the village in 1861, only 98 had been living in the village in 1851; 168 people who died or moved away during that decade were replaced by a high number of births and people moving in from West Wales and Ireland.<ref>James, B.Ll. The Vale of Glamorgan, 1840-1860: Profile of a Rural Community in Williams, S. Glamorgan Historian, Vol 5. Pub: D Brown and Sons. Cowbridge 1968</ref>

The 1861 census also reveals the existence of a private school within the village.  A [[National school (England and Wales)|"National" school]], supported by the (then) Church of England, was established in 1871, in the building now known as Ty Colwyn, with 27 children on the original register. From 1875 the school was funded through a voluntary Parish rate. The present village school (Church in Wales) was built in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.estyn.gov.wales/sites/default/files/documents/Inspection%20Report%20St%20David%27s%20C.I.W.%20Primary%20School%20ENG%202012_0.pdf|title=A report on St David's C.I.W. Primary School, Colwinston, Vale of Glamorgan|date=2012|website=Estyn|access-date=9 November 2018}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In addition to the Anglican church, several Nonconformist chapels existed in the village, and were popular with Welsh-language speakers. Seion Calvinistic Methodist (Presbyterian) Chapel was built in 1830, surviving until 1996. Ebenezer Baptist Chapel was founded in 1843 and a building established in 1852, using part of Chapel Farm House. It continued in use until 1944, and a baptismal pool was created by blocking off a stream in the field below and to the rear of the chapel.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Hawker|title=Colwinston: a historical journey|publisher=Cowbridge History Society|year=2018|isbn=9781999687403}} Pp 36-37.</ref>

In 1865, a village branch of the [[Philanthropic Order of True Ivorites]] was established, based at the Sycamore Tree Inn, conducting its business in Welsh. This provided a vehicle for villagers with independent incomes to save, and then possibly to buy, their own properties. It finally closed in 1960, and the order as a whole disbanded in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Hawker|title=Colwinston: a historical journey|publisher=Cowbridge History Society|year=2018|isbn=9781999687403}} p. 38.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Rowland Berthoff|title=Republic of the Dispossessed: The Exceptional Old-European Consensus in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27TqICfgfOoC&pg=PA127|year=1997|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0-8262-1101-9|pages=127}}</ref>

The 1811 ''A Topographical Dictionary of The Dominion of Wales'' by [[Nicholas Carlisle]] said of the village:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colwinston.btck.co.uk/History|title=A Topographical Dictionary of The Dominion of Wales|publisher=accessed via Colwinston community website|author=Carlisle, Nicholas|year=1811}}</ref>
{{quotation|COLWINSTON, or, TRE COLLWYN, in the Cwmwd of Maenor Glynn Ogwr, Cantref of Cron Nedd (now called the Hundred of Ogmore),County of GLAMORGAN, South Wales: a discharged Vicarage, valued in the King's Books at £6 6s.8d.; Patron, David Thomas, Esq.: Church dedicated to St. Michael. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 235. The Money raised by the Parish Rates, in 1803, was £101 6s.10d., at 1s. 6d. per acre. It is 4 m. W. N. W. from Cowbridge. This Parish contains between fourteen and fifteen hundred acres of inclosed Land, and 60 acres of common Pasture, called The Golden Mile. According to the Diocesan Report, in 1809, the yearly value of this Benefice, arising from Vicarial Tythes, and Augmentation, was £111 18s.0d.}}