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Comorian languages
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==Phonology== The consonants and vowels in the Comorian languages: === Vowels === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Vowels {{Sfnp|Ahmed-Chamanga|1992}}{{Sfnp|Lafon|1991}} ! ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- ![[Close vowel|Close]] |{{IPAlink|i}} {{IPAlink|ĩ}} | |{{IPAlink|u}} {{IPAlink|ũ}} |- ![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |{{IPAlink|e}} | |{{IPAlink|o}} |- ![[Open vowel|Open]] | |{{IPAlink|a}} {{IPAlink|ã}} | |} === Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Consonants {{Sfnp|Ahmed-Chamanga|1992}}{{Sfnp|Lafon|1991}} ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br>dental]] ! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- !{{small|plain}} !{{small|[[sibilant]]}} |- ! colspan="3" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPAlink|m}} | | {{IPAlink|n}} | | {{IPAlink|ɲ}} | | | |- ! rowspan="4" | [[Plosive]]/<br />[[Affricate]] ! rowspan="2" | {{small|voiceless}} ! {{small|plain}} | {{IPAlink|p}} | | {{IPAlink|t}} | {{IPAlink|t͡s}} | {{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}} | {{IPAlink|ʈ}} | {{IPAlink|k}} |({{IPA link|ʔ}}) |- ! {{small|prenasal}} | {{IPAlink|ᵐp}} | | {{IPAlink|ⁿt}} | {{IPAlink|ⁿt͡s}} | {{IPAlink|ⁿt͡ʃ}} | {{IPAlink|ᶯʈ}} | {{IPAlink|ᵑk}} | |- ! rowspan="2" | {{small|voiced/<br>implosive}} ! {{small|plain}} | {{IPAlink|ɓ}}~{{IPAlink|b}} | | {{IPAlink|ɗ}}~{{IPAlink|d}} | {{IPAlink|d͡z}} | {{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}} | {{IPAlink|ɖ}} | {{IPAlink|ɡ}} | |- ! {{small|prenasal}} | {{IPAlink|ᵐɓ}}~{{IPAlink|ᵐb}} | | {{IPAlink|ⁿɗ}}~{{IPAlink|ⁿd}} | {{IPAlink|ⁿd͡z}} | {{IPAlink|ⁿd͡ʒ}} | {{IPAlink|ᶯɖ}} | {{IPAlink|ᵑɡ}} | |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]] ! colspan="2" | {{small|voiceless}} | | {{IPAlink|f}} |{{IPAlink|θ}} |{{IPAlink|s}} | {{IPAlink|ʃ}} | | {{IPAlink|x}} | {{IPAlink|h}} |- ! colspan="2" | {{small|voiced}} | {{IPAlink|β}} | {{IPAlink|v}} |{{IPAlink|ð}} |{{IPAlink|z}} | {{IPAlink|ʒ}} | | {{IPAlink|ɣ}} | |- ! colspan="3" | [[Approximant]] | {{IPAlink|w}} | | {{IPAlink|l}} | | {{IPAlink|j}} | | | |- ! colspan="3" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | | | {{IPAlink|r}} | | | | | |} The consonants ''mb'', ''nd'', ''b'', ''d'' are phonemically [[implosives]], but may also be phonetically recognized as ranging from implosives to voiced stops as {{IPA|[ᵐɓ~ᵐb]}}, {{IPA|[ⁿɗ~ⁿd]}}, {{IPA|[ɓ~b]}}, {{IPA|[ɗ~d]}}. A glottal stop {{IPA|[ʔ]}} can also be heard when in between vowels. In the Shimaore dialect, if when inserting a prefix the leading consonant becomes intervocalic, {{IPA|[p]}} becomes {{IPA|[β]}}, {{IPA|[ɗ]}} becomes {{IPA|[l]}}, {{IPA|[ʈ]}} becomes {{IPA|[r]}}, {{IPA|[k]}} becomes {{IPA|[h]}}, and {{IPA|[ɓ]}} is deleted. There is a preference for multi-syllable words and a CV syllable structures. Vowels are frequently deleted and inserted to better fit the CV structure. There is also an alternate strategy of ''h''-insertion in scenarios which would otherwise results in VV. {{Interlinear|I kukuyi li-hi(h)a|5.DEF 5.rooster 5.NOM-crow.PRF|The rooster crowed | abbreviations = 5:Class 5 }} There is a strong preference for penultimate stress. There was previously a tone system in the language, but it has been mostly phased out and no longer plays an active role in the majority of cases.
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