Editing Composer (section)

===Role of women===
{{Main article|Women in music#Composers|List of female composers by birth date}}
[[File:Julius Giere - Clara Wieck im Alter von 15 Jahren (Lithographie 1835).jpg|thumb|upright|Nineteenth-century composer and pianist [[Clara Schumann]]]]

In 1993, American [[musicologist]] [[Marcia Citron]] asked, "Why is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?"<ref name="Citron, Marcia J 1993">{{cite book|last=Citron|first=Marcia J.|author-link=Marcia Citron|title=Gender and the Musical Canon|publisher=[[CUP Archive]]|year=1993|isbn=9780521392921}}</ref> Citron "examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received '[[Western canon|canon]]' of performed musical works." She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote [[art song]]s for performance in small recitals rather than [[symphony|symphonies]] intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers.<ref name="Citron, Marcia J 1993" />

According to Abbey Philips, "women musicians have had a very difficult time breaking through and getting the credit they deserve."<ref name="rvanews.com">{{cite web |last=Philips |first=Abbey |url=http://rvanews.com/features/spacebomb-truth-lies-somewhere-in-between/49992 |title=The history of women and gender roles in music |website=Rvanews.com |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> During the Medieval eras, most of the art music was created for liturgical (religious) purposes and due to the views about the roles of women that were held by religious leaders, few women composed this type of music, with the nun [[Hildegard von Bingen]] being among the exceptions. Most university textbooks on the history of music discuss almost exclusively the role of male composers. As well, very few works by women composers are part of the standard repertoire of classical music. In ''Concise Oxford History of Music'', "[[Clara Schumann|Clara Shumann]]{{sic}} is one of the only female composers mentioned",<ref name="rvanews.com" /> but other notable women composers of the common practice period include [[Fanny Mendelssohn]] and [[Cécile Chaminade]], and arguably the most influential teacher of composers during the mid-20th century was [[Nadia Boulanger]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Philips states that "[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts."<ref name="rvanews.com" />

Women today are being taken more seriously in the realm of concert music, though the statistics of recognition, prizes, employment, and overall opportunities are still biased toward men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/her-music-emerging-female-composer-today/|publisher=[[WQXR-FM|WQXR]]|title=Her Music: Today's Emerging Female Composer|author=Alex Ambrose|date=21 August 2014|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>