Editing Containment (section)

==Korea==
[[File: Operation Dominic - Frigate Bird nuclear explosion.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|A 1962 [[nuclear explosion]] as seen through the periscope of a US Navy submarine. The goal of containment was to 'contain' communism without a nuclear war.]]
The U.S. followed containment when it first entered the [[Korean War]] to defend [[South Korea]] from a communist invasion by [[North Korea]]. Initially, this directed the action of the U.S. to only push back North Korea across the 38th Parallel and restore South Korea's sovereignty, thereby allowing North Korea's survival as a state. However, the success of the [[Battle of Inchon|Inchon landing]] inspired the U.S. and the United Nations to adopt a [[rollback]] strategy instead and to overthrow communist North Korea, thus allowing nationwide elections under UN auspices.<ref>James I. Matray, "Truman's Plan for Victory: National Self-Determination and the Thirty-Eighth Parallel Decision in Korea," ''[[Journal of American History]]'', Sept. 1979, Vol. 66 Issue 2, pp. 314–333, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1900879 in JSTOR]</ref> General [[Douglas MacArthur]] then advanced across the [[Division of Korea|38th Parallel]] into North Korea. The Chinese, fearful of a possible U.S. presence on their border or even an invasion by them, then sent in a large army and defeated the UN forces, pushing them back below the 38th parallel. Truman publicly hinted that he might use his "ace in the hole" of the atomic bomb, but Mao was unmoved.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkjAAgAAQBAJ&q=truman,+rollback,+mao&pg=PA288|title=American Foreign Relations: Volume 2: Since 1895|last1=Paterson|first1=Thomas|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Garry|last3=Brigham|last4=Donoghue|first4=Michael|last5=Hagan|first5=Kenneth|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9781305177222|pages=286–289|language=en}}</ref> The episode was used to support the wisdom of the containment doctrine as opposed to rollback. The Communists were later pushed back to roughly around the original border, with minimal changes. Truman criticized MacArthur's focus on absolute victory and adopted a "[[limited war]]" policy. His focus shifted to negotiating a settlement, which was finally reached in 1953. For his part, MacArthur denounced Truman's "no-win policy."<ref>[[Safire, William]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jK-0NPoMiYoC Safire's Political Dictionary]'', p. 531.</ref>