Editing Control of ventilation (section)

=== Feedback control ===
[[sensory receptor|Receptor]]s play important roles in the regulation of respiration and include the [[central chemoreceptors|central]] and [[peripheral chemoreceptors]], and [[pulmonary stretch receptors]], a type of [[mechanoreceptor]].

* [[Central chemoreceptors]] of the central nervous system, located on the ventrolateral medullary surface, are sensitive to the [[pH]] of their environment.<ref name="Coates">Coates EL, Li A, Nattie EE. Widespread sites of brain stem ventilatory chemoreceptors. J Appl Physiol. 75(1):5–14, 1984.</ref><ref name="Cordovez">Cordovez JM, Clausen C, Moore LC, Solomon, IC. A mathematical model of pH(i) regulation in central CO<sub>2</sub> chemoreception. Adv Exp Med Biol. 605:306–311, 2008.</ref>
* [[Peripheral chemoreceptors]] act most importantly to detect variation of the PO2 in the [[arterial blood]], in addition to detecting arterial P<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> and pH.
* [[Mechanoreceptors]] are located in the [[airway]]s and [[parenchyma]], and are responsible for a variety of reflex responses. These include:
** The [[Hering-Breuer reflex]] that terminates inhalation to prevent over inflation of the lungs, and the reflex responses of [[coughing]], [[airway constriction]], and [[hyperventilation]].
** The upper airway receptors are responsible for reflex responses such as, [[sneezing]], coughing, closure of [[glottis]], and [[hiccups]].
** The [[spinal cord]] reflex responses include the activation of additional respiratory muscles as compensation, gasping response, hypoventilation, and an increase in breathing frequency and volume.
** The nasopulmonary and nasothoracic [[reflex]]es regulate the mechanism of breathing through deepening the inhale. Triggered by the flow of the air, the pressure of the air in the [[nose]], and the quality of the air, impulses from the nasal mucosa are transmitted by the trigeminal nerve to the [[respiratory center]] in the [[brainstem]], and the generated response is transmitted to the [[bronchus|bronchi]], the [[intercostal muscles]] and the [[Thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]].
** Head's paradoxical reflex where sudden inflation of the lung causes a transient respiratory effort or gasp.