Editing Controlled burn (section)

=== Agriculture ===
{{See also|Stubble burning}}

In the developing world, the use of controlled burns in agriculture is often referred to as [[slash and burn]]. In industrialized nations, it is seen as one component of [[shifting cultivation]], as a part of field preparation for planting. Often called field burning, this technique is used to clear the land of any existing crop residue as well as kill weeds and weed seeds. Field burning is less expensive than most other methods such as herbicides or tillage, but because it produces smoke and other fire-related pollutants, its use is not popular in agricultural areas bounded by residential housing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State of Oregon: Smoke and Field Burning – Field Burning |url=https://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/MarketAccess/SmokeBurning/Pages/FieldBurning.aspx |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=www.oregon.gov}}</ref>

Prescribed fires are broadly used in the context of [[woody plant encroachment]], with the aim of improving the balance of woody plants and grasses in shrublands and grasslands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trollope |first=W.S.W. |date=January 1980 |title=Controlling bush encroachment with fire in the savanna areas of South Africa |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00725560.1980.9648907 |journal=Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=173–177 |doi=10.1080/00725560.1980.9648907 |issn=0072-5560|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smit |first1=Izak P. J. |last2=Asner |first2=Gregory P. |last3=Govender |first3=Navashni |last4=Vaughn |first4=Nicholas R. |last5=van Wilgen |first5=Brian W. |date=October 2016 |editor-last=Kardol |editor-first=Paul |title=An examination of the potential efficacy of high-intensity fires for reversing woody encroachment in savannas |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |language=en |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1623–1633 |bibcode=2016JApEc..53.1623S |doi=10.1111/1365-2664.12738 |issn=0021-8901 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Twidwell |first1=Dirac |last2=Fuhlendorf |first2=Samuel D. |last3=Taylor |first3=Charles A. |last4=Rogers |first4=William E. |date=June 2013 |editor-last=Kardol |editor-first=Paul |title=Refining thresholds in coupled fire–vegetation models to improve management of encroaching woody plants in grasslands |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |language=en |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=603–613 |bibcode=2013JApEc..50..603T |doi=10.1111/1365-2664.12063 |issn=0021-8901 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lohmann |first1=Dirk |last2=Tietjen |first2=Britta |last3=Blaum |first3=Niels |last4=Joubert |first4=David Francois |last5=Jeltsch |first5=Florian |date=August 2014 |title=Prescribed fire as a tool for managing shrub encroachment in semi-arid savanna rangelands |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196314000846 |journal=Journal of Arid Environments |language=en |volume=107 |pages=49–56 |bibcode=2014JArEn.107...49L |doi=10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.04.003|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In Northern-India, especially in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], unregulated burning of agricultural waste is a major problem. Smoke from these fires leads to degradation in environmental quality in these states and the surrounded area.<ref>
{{cite journal |last1=Antar |first1=Mohammed |last2=Lyu |first2=Dongmei |last3=Nazari |first3=Mahtab |last4=Shah |first4=Ateeq |last5=Zhou |first5=Xiaomin |last6=Smith |first6=Donald L. |year=2021 |title=Biomass for a sustainable bioeconomy: An overview of world biomass production and utilization |journal=[[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]] |publisher=[[Elsevier BV]] |volume=139 |page=110691 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2020.110691 |bibcode=2021RSERv.13910691A |issn=1364-0321 |s2cid=233526225}}

This review cites this research.

{{Cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=Niveta |last2=Bhatia |first2=Arti |last3=Pathak |first3=Himanshu |date=2014 |title=Emission of Air Pollutants from Crop Residue Burning in India |url=https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-13-01-oa-0031 |journal=Aerosol and Air Quality Research |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=422–430 |doi=10.4209/aaqr.2013.01.0031 |issn=2071-1409 |doi-access=free}}
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In East Africa, bird densities increased months after controlled burning had occurred.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gregory |first1=Nathan C. |last2=Sensenig |first2=Ryan L. |last3=Wilcove |first3=David S. |date=2010-11-11 |title=Effects of Controlled Fire and Livestock Grazing on Bird Communities in East African Savannas |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01533.x |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=1606–1616 |bibcode=2010ConBi..24.1606G |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01533.x |issn=0888-8892 |pmid=20561002 |s2cid=33746569|url-access=subscription }}</ref>