Editing Controversies in autism (section)

==Intelligence==
The percentage of autistic individuals who also meet criteria for intellectual disability has been reported as anywhere from 25% to 70%, a wide variation illustrating the difficulty of assessing autistic intelligence.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Learning in autism |vauthors=Dawson M, Mottron L, Gernsbacher MA |title=Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference |volume=2 |pages=759–72 |editor=Byrne JH (-in-chief), Roediger HL III (vol.) |publisher=Academic Press |year=2008 |doi=10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00152-2 |isbn=978-0-12-370504-4 |chapter-url=http://psych.wisc.edu/lang/pdf/Dawson_AutisticLearning.pdf |access-date=7 September 2009 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303191513/http://psych.wisc.edu/lang/pdf/Dawson_AutisticLearning.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> For [[pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified]] (PDD-NOS), the association with intellectual disability is much weaker.<ref name="Chakrabarti">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E |date=June 2001 |title=Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children |journal=JAMA |volume=285 |issue=24 |pages=3093–9 |doi=10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 |pmid=11427137 |doi-access=}}</ref> The diagnosis of [[Asperger syndrome]] excludes clinically significant delays in mental or cognitive skills.<ref>{{cite book | title=DSM-IV-TR Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition text revision | publisher=American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC | year=2000 | pages=80}}</ref>

A 2007 study suggested that [[Raven's Progressive Matrices]] (RPM), a test of abstract reasoning, may be a better indicator of intelligence for autistic children than the more commonly used [[Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children]] (WISC). Researchers suspected that the WISC relied too heavily on language to be an accurate measure of intelligence for autistic individuals. Their study revealed that the neurotypical children scored similarly on both tests, but the autistic children fared far better on the RPM than on the WISC. The RPM measures abstract, general and fluid reasoning, an ability autistic individuals have been presumed to lack.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dawson M, Soulières I, Gernsbacher MA, Mottron L | title = The level and nature of autistic intelligence | journal = Psychological Science | volume = 18 | issue = 8 | pages = 657–62 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17680932 | pmc = 4287210 | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x}}
*{{cite press release |date=5 August 2007 |title=The Matrix Of Autism |website=ScienceDaily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070803151245.htm}}</ref> A 2008 study found a similar effect, but to a much lesser degree and only for individuals with IQs less than 85 on the Wechsler scales.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bölte S, Dziobek I, Poustka F | title = Brief report: The level and nature of autistic intelligence revisited | journal = Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 678–82 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19052857 | doi = 10.1007/s10803-008-0667-2 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-0024-F80B-3 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>