Editing Coupe (section)

== Variations ==

===Berlinetta===
{{main article|Berlinetta}}
A ''berlinetta'' is a lightweight sporty two-door car, typically with two seats but also including [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]] cars.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.autonews.fr/dossiers/industrie/211126-porsche-960-berlinette-flat8-911-performances/ |title=Porsche 960: une nouvelle berlinette à moteur flat-8 |website=autonews.fr|date=28 April 2016 }}</ref>

===Club coupe===
A club coupe is a two-door car with a larger rear-seat passenger area,<ref name="Adolphus" /> compared with the smaller rear-seat area in a 2+2 body style. Thus, club coupes resemble coupes as both have two doors, but feature a full-width rear seat that is accessible by tilting forward the backs of the front seats.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/club%20coupe |title=Club coupe |website=merriam-webster.com |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

===Hardtop coupé===
A [[hardtop]] coupe is a two-door car that lacks a structural pillar ("B" pillar) between the front and rear side windows. When these windows are lowered, the effect is like that of a convertible coupé with the windows down.<ref name="HistoryHardtops"/> The hardtop body style was popular in the United States from the early 1950s until the 2000s. It was also available in European and Japanese markets.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Niedermeyer |first1=Paul |title=Curbside Classic: 1984 Subaru GL Hardtop Coupe – A Requiem For The Affordable Hardtop |url= https://www.curbsideclassic.com/curbside-classics-asian/curbside-classic-1984-subaru-gl-hardtop-coupe-a-requiem-for-the-affordable-hardtop/ |website=.curbsideclassic.com |date=27 July 2020 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jaguar XK140 Hardtop Coupe |url= https://www.supercars.net/blog/jaguar-xk140-hardtop-coupe/ |website=supercars.net |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> Safety regulations for roof structures to protect passengers in a rollover were proposed, limiting the development of new models.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Severson |first1=Aaron |title=What is a hardtop? |url= https://ateupwithmotor.com/terms-technology-definitions/what-is-a-hardtop/ |publisher=Ate Up With Motor |date=9 April 2008 |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> The hardtop body style went out of style with consumers while the automakers focused on cost reduction and increasing efficiencies.<ref name="HistoryHardtops">{{cite journal |title=A History of Hardtops |url= https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/a-history-of-hardtops |journal=Hemmings Classic Car |date=April 2006 |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref>

===Combi coupé===
{{main article|Combi coupé}}

[[Saab Automobile|Saab]] used the term "combi coupé" for a car body similar to the [[liftback]].<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Pvsv78xj7UIC&q=%22station+wagon%22+vs.+%22hatchback%22&pg=PA31 |page= 31 |first=Reza N. |last=Jazar |title= Vehicle dynamics: theory and applications |publisher= Springer-Verlag|year= 2008 |isbn= 978-0-387-74243-4 |access-date=22 April 2015}}</ref>
===Business coupe===
[[File:Packard 120 Eight Business Coupe 1936.jpg|thumb |A 1936 [[Packard One-Twenty]] business coupe]]A two-door car with no rear seat or with a removable rear seat intended for traveling salespeople and other vendors carrying their wares with them. American manufacturers developed this style of coupe in the late 1930s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Automotive History: Trying To Make (Business Coupe) Sense Of The Gremlin|url= http://www.curbsideclassic.com/automotive-histories/automotive-history-trying-to-make-business-coupe-sense-of-the-gremlin/ |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=curbsideclassic.com}}</ref>

===Four-door coupe / quad coupe ===
[[File:LaFayette Four Door Coupe 1921.jpg|thumb|1921 LaFayette Four-Door Coupe]]
The 1921 and 1922 [[LaFayette Motors|LaFayette]] models were available in a variety of open and closed body styles that included a close-coupled version featuring two center-opening doors on each side that was marketed as a Four-Door Coupe.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://americancarhistorian.com/lafayette/ |title=LaFayette |date=19 May 2020 |first=Deb |last=Tracy |website=americancarhistorian.com |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> The 1927 [[Nash Motors|Nash]] Advanced Six was available in four-door coupe body style.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://xr793.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1927-Nash.pdf |title=The Nash Advanced Six, Seven Passenger Sedan, Four Door Coupé, Victoria (brochure) |website=xr793.com |access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>

More recently, the description has been applied by marketers to describe four-door cars with a coupe-like roofline at the rear. The low-roof design reduces back-seat passenger access and headroom.<ref>{{cite web |last=Powell |first= Philip |title= The Fastback is Back Thanks to Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Volkswagen |work=Classical Drives |date=8 January 2008 |url= http://www.classicaldrives.com/50226711/the_fastback_is_back_thanks_to_mercedes_audi_bmw_volkswagen.php |archive-date=1 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130801122953/http://www.classicaldrives.com/50226711/the_fastback_is_back_thanks_to_mercedes_audi_bmw_volkswagen.php |access-date= 22 April 2015}}</ref> The designation was used for the low-roof model of the 1962–1973 [[Rover P5]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Langworth |first=Richard M. |title= Complete book of collectible cars, 1930–1980 |year= 1986 |publisher=Random House Value Publishing |page= [https://archive.org/details/completebookofco00lang/page/389 389] |isbn= 978-0-517-47934-6 |url= https://archive.org/details/completebookofco00lang/page/389 }}</ref> followed by the 1992–1996 [[Nissan Leopard|Nissan Leopard / Infiniti J30]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Infiniti J30 Was A Four-Door Coupe Before It Was Fashionable |url=https://oppositelock.kinja.com/the-infiniti-j30-was-a-four-door-sedan-before-it-was-fa-1679477558 |website=kinja.com |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421133838/https://oppositelock.kinja.com/the-infiniti-j30-was-a-four-door-sedan-before-it-was-fa-1679477558 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Recent examples include the 2005 [[Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (W219)|Mercedes-Benz CLS]], 2010 [[Audi A7]], [[Volkswagen CC]], [[Volkswagen Arteon]], and 2012 [[BMW 6 Series (F06/F12/F13)|BMW 6 Series Gran Coupe]].<ref>{{Citation |title= Mercedes CLS-Klasse |publisher=Auto, Motor und Sport | url= http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/mercedes-cls-9416.html |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Neuer Audi A7 Sportback: Erste Bilder, Details und Preise |date=27 July 2010 |trans-title=New Audi A7 sportback: First pictures, details and pricing |url= http://www.heise.de/autos/artikel/Neuer-Audi-A7-Sportback-Erste-Bilder-Details-und-Preise-1045664.html |language=de |publisher=Heise |access-date= 22 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |language=de |title= Audi A7 Sportback 3.0 TDI quattro S tronic (DPF) |url= http://www.adac.de/_ext/itr/tests/Autotest/AT4513_Audi_A7_Sportback_3_0_TDI_quattro_S_tronic_DPF/Audi_A7_Sportback_3_0_TDI_quattro_S_tronic_DPF.pdf |publisher=ADAC |date=January 2011|first=Stefan |last=Giuliani |access-date= 22 April 2015}}</ref>

Similarly, several cars with one or two small rear doors for rear seat passenger egress and no B-pillar have been marketed as "[[quad coupe]]s". For example, the 2003 [[Saturn Ion]], the 2003 [[Mazda RX-8]], and the 2011-2022 [[Hyundai Veloster]].

===Three-door coupe===
[[File:VW Scirocco I orange hr TCE.jpg|thumb|1976 [[Volkswagen Scirocco]], a 3-door hatchback with coupe-inspired styling]]Particularly popular in Europe, many cars are designed with coupe styling, but a three-door hatchback/liftback layout to improve practicality, including cars such as the [[Jaguar E-Type]], [[Mitsubishi 3000GT]], [[Nissan S30|Datsun 240Z]], [[Toyota Supra]], [[Mazda RX-7]], [[Alfa Romeo Brera]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Alfa Romeo Brera {{!}} Used Car Buying Guide |date=10 January 2017 |website=Autocar |url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/used-car-buying-guides/alfa-romeo-brera}}</ref> [[Ford Cougar|Ford/Mercury Cougar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ford Cougar (1998 - 2002) used car review |first=Andy |last=Enright |date=8 Apr 2009 |website=rac.co.uk |url= https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/car-reviews/ford/cougar/cougar-1998-2002/}}</ref> and [[Volkswagen Scirocco]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Top Gear car review: Volkswagen Scirocco |website=topgear.com |date=13 January 2015 |url= https://www.topgear.com/car-reviews/volkswagen/scirocco}}</ref>

===Opera coupe===
A two-door car designed for driving to the opera with easy access to the rear seats. Features sometimes included a folding front seat next to the driver<ref>{{cite web |title= Dictionary of Historic Automotive Terms |publisher=Chalk Hill Educational Media |url= http://www.chalkhillmedia.org/Museum/historic_automotive_terms.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084222/http://www.chalkhillmedia.org/Museum/historic_automotive_terms.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |access-date= 22 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Burness |first=Tad |title=American Car Spotter's Bible 1940–1980 |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2005 |page=736 |isbn=9780896891791}}</ref> or a compartment to store [[top hat]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Archival Revival: One-of-a-kind Nash here a few more weeks|url= https://kenoshanews.com/community/local_history/archival-revival-one-of-a-kind-nash-here-a-few/article_8395ac50-e6e9-545c-ac26-3917259abc4b.html |newspaper=Kenosha News |date=6 September 2016 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

Often they would have solid rear-quarter panels, with small, circular windows, to enable the occupants to see out without being seen. These [[opera window]]s were revived on many U.S. automobiles during the 1970s and early 1980s.<ref>{{cite book | last= Frazee |first= Irving Augustus | title= Automotive Fundamentals |publisher=American Technical Society |year=1949 |page= 81 }}</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2018}}

=== Three-window coupe===
The three-window coupe (commonly just "three-window") is a style of automobile characterized by two side windows and a backlight (rear window).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schueter |first1=Roger |title=What's the difference between an old three-window coupe and a five-window model? |url= https://www.bnd.com/living/liv-columns-blogs/answer-man/article190249139.html |publisher=Belleville News-Democrat |date=17 December 2017 |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> The front windscreens are not counted. The three-window coupe has a distinct difference from the five-window coupe, which has an additional window on each side behind the front doors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wagner |first1=Rob |title=What Is the Difference Between a 1934 Ford 3-Window & 5-Window Coupe? |url= https://itstillruns.com/difference-ford-3window-5window-coupe-8527960.html |publisher=It Still Runs |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> These two-door cars typically have small-sized bodies with only a front seat and an occasional small rear seat.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kilchermann |first1=Lori |title=What is a Three Window Coupe? |url= https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-a-three-window-coupe.htm |publisher=WiseGeek |date=21 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref>

The style was popular from the 1920s until the beginning of [[World War II]]. While many manufacturers produced three-window coupes, the 1932 Ford coupe is often considered the classic hot rod.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernsau |first1=Tim |title=Hot Rod 3-Pack: 1932 Ford Three-Window Coupes |url= https://www.motortrend.com/articles/1932-ford-coupe-3-pack/ |work=Hot Rod (Motor Trend) |date=6 October 2020 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thacker |first1=Tony |title='32 Ford Deuce: the official 75th anniversary edition |date=2007 |publisher=Motorbooks |isbn=9780760317419}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Thom |title=How the 1932 Ford Deuce became the quintessential hot rod |url= https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/how-the-deuce-coupe-became-the-quintessential-hot-rod/ |work=Hagerty |date=15 March 2018 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

=== Coupe SUV ===
{{main|Coupe SUV}}

Some [[SUV]]s or [[Crossover (automobile)|crossover]]s with sloping rear rooflines are marketed as "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have four side doors for passenger egress to the seats and rear hatches for cargo area access however only a car with 2 doors and no B style are considered a true coupe.