Editing Criminal record (section)

==Canada==
In [[Canada]], criminal records are stored in Criminal Records Information Management Services,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cpic-cipc.ca/English/crfaq.cfm |title=Home |website=Cpic-cipc.ca |date=4 June 2015 |access-date=7 August 2016 |archive-date=22 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922093643/http://cpic-cipc.ca/English/crfaq.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> a centralized database operated by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] under the [[Canadian Police Information Centre]] (CPIC) since 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/SpecialSections/Crime/article/460749 |title=How CPIC works &#124; Toronto Star |website=Thestar.com |date=19 July 2008 |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> The database includes all convictions for which a [[Pardon#Canada|pardon]] has not been granted, all charges regardless of disposition, outstanding [[warrant (law)|warrants]] and charges, all judicial orders and other information that might be of interest to police investigations.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/police/assets/pdf/forms/vpd-form-request-for-records-check.pdf |title=Vancouver Police Department : Police Information Check |website=Vancouver.ca |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref>

===Screening===
There are two types of criminal record checks: standard and vulnerable sector. Vulnerable sector is defined under the ''[[Criminal Records Act]]'' as minor (less than 18 years of age) and{{quote|persons who, because of their age, a disability or other circumstances, whether temporary or permanent,(a) are in a position of dependence on others; or(b) are otherwise at a greater risk than the general population of being harmed by persons in a position of authority or trust relative to them<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-47/page-2.html?txthl=vulnerable#s-6.3 |title=Criminal Records Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-47) |publisher=Justice Laws Website |access-date=April 23, 2018}}</ref>}}There are 4 levels of standard criminal record checks—levels 1 to 4. Level 1 is the most basic check and level 4 being the most extensive. Criminal record checks can only be done with the consent of the individual.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/yk/crimrec-verifcas-eng.htm |title=RCMP Yukon – Criminal Record Check Application Process |access-date=25 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207203234/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/yk/crimrec-verifcas-eng.htm |archive-date=7 February 2009 }}</ref> Due to the sensitive nature of CPIC, only police agencies are authorized to conduct a criminal record check, with the exception of BC [[Executive Council of British Columbia|Ministry of Justice]].<ref name=RCMPVS>{{cite web|url=http://www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/criminal-records-review/act/who.htm |title=Who Must Have a Criminal Record Check – Criminal Record Checks |access-date=17 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122103149/http://pssg.gov.bc.ca/criminal-records-review/act/who.htm |archive-date=22 January 2009 }}</ref>
* Level 1: Records of criminal convictions for which a pardon has not been granted ([[Canadian Police Information Centre|CPIC]] Level 1 Query)
* Level 2: Level 1 + outstanding charges that the police force is aware of ([[Canadian Police Information Centre|CPIC]] Level 1 Query + Persons Query)
* Level 3: Level 2 + records of discharges which have not been removed (all charges regardless of disposition) ([[Canadian Police Information Centre|CPIC]] Level 2 Query + Persons Query)
* Level 4: Level 3 + check on local police databases, court and law enforcement agency databases<ref>{{cite web|url=http://surrey.rcmp.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=75&languageId=4&contentId=6214 |title=GRC de Surrey |website=Surrey.rcmp.ca |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> (also known as "Police Record Check"). The vulnerable sector screening includes a level 4 check plus any sexual offences and convictions for which a pardon was granted.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

In the event that the name and date of birth of the applicant matches any sexual offence record in the system, he/she is required to submit fingerprints to the RCMP for a physical confirmation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cr-cj/vulner/index-eng.htm |title=Vulnerable Sector Verifications |access-date=31 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202230327/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cr-cj/vulner/index-eng.htm |archive-date=2 December 2010 }}</ref> Criminal record check is an integral part of the process for obtaining [[Canada security clearance|security clearances]] regardless of level of access. Some provinces may require high-risk professions to be screened to ensure public safety. For example, the BC Ministry of Justice requires all healthcare professionals, practicum students in healthcare, childcare facilities staff and volunteers, school and hospital staff regardless of position to undergo a CRC via the Criminal Records Review Program.<ref name="RCMPVS"/>

===Pardon===
{{further|Pardon#Canada|l1=Pardon in Canada}}
Criminal offences can be pardoned either by the [[Governor General of Canada]], [[Parole Board of Canada]] or through an [[Order in Council]] by the federal government, as determined by the crime involved under the ''Criminal Records Act''. Pardon has been renamed as record suspension under [[Safe Streets and Communities Act|Bill C-10]], otherwise known as the omnibus crime bill or by its formal name ''Safe Streets and Communities Act'', introduced by the Conservative government in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lawtimesnews.com/Focus-On/Pardons-become-record-suspensions |title=Pardons become record suspensions &#124; Focus on &#124; Law Times News |access-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813224024/http://lawtimesnews.com/Focus-On/Pardons-become-record-suspensions |archive-date=13 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/LegislativeSummaries/bills_ls.asp?ls=c10-07&Parl=41&Ses=1&source=library_prb&Language=E |title=Legislative Summary of Bill C-10: 7 Amendments to the Criminal Records Act (Pardons) [Bill C-10, Part 3, Clauses 108–134, 137–146, 148–165, and the Schedule (Formerly Bill C-23B)&#93; |website=Parl.gc.ca |access-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101111042/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/LegislativeSummaries/bills_ls.asp?ls=c10-07&Parl=41&Ses=1&source=library_prb&Language=E |archive-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The change officially came into force on 13 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pbc-clcc.gc.ca/prdons/c23b-eng.shtml |title=Record Suspension and Clemency |website=Pbc-clcc.gc.ca |access-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823003045/http://pbc-clcc.gc.ca/prdons/c23b-eng.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017, two provincial superior courts struck down the retroactive nature of these changes as unconstitutional. As a result, pardons are currently being granted to residents of BC and Ontario who were convicted prior to 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Seymour|first1=Andrew|title=Retroactive changes to criminal pardons found unconstitutional|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/retroactive-changes-to-criminal-pardons-found-unconstitutional|access-date=26 April 2018|agency=Ottawa Citizen|publisher=Postmedia Network Inc.|date=19 June 2017}}</ref>