Editing Cross Bronx Expressway (section)

==== Eastern section ====
[[File:2024-05-21 12 48 08 View south along Interstate 95 and west along the Cross Bronx Expressway from the overpass for East 176th Street in the Bronx, New York City, New York.jpg|thumb|right|A large stone arch overpass carries Crotona Avenue over the expressway]]
By early 1949, the first section of the expressway, between Olmstead Avenue and Westchester Creek, was not planned to be completed until 1951.<ref name="p1326795431">{{cite news |date=10 Jan 1949 |title=City Working On 37 Arterial Highway Plans: Pari of Over-Alle Expressway Program to Relieve Traffic at Cost of $496.953,531 |page=3 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1326795431}}}}</ref> The Gull Construction Company was contracted to build this segment in May 1949,<ref name="nyt-1949-05-15">{{Cite news |date=1949-05-15 |title=Highway Contract Let; Albany Awards Bronx Artery Link at $3,994,757 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/05/15/archives/highway-contract-let-albany-awards-bronx-artery-link-at-3994757.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031143430/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/05/15/archives/highway-contract-let-albany-awards-bronx-artery-link-at-3994757.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Rusciano & Sons was hired the same month to build the footings for six bridges along the expressway.<ref name="nyt-1949-05-12">{{Cite news |date=1949-05-12 |title=Bronx Bridge Work Let: $3,372,919 Expressway Contract Goes to City Company |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/05/12/archives/bronx-bridge-work-let-3372919-expressway-contract-goes-to-city.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155109/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/05/12/archives/bronx-bridge-work-let-3372919-expressway-contract-goes-to-city.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, Frederick H. Zurmuhlen was supervising the construction of a bridge over Westchester Creek at a cost of $5,287,000;<ref name="nyt-1949-06-10">{{Cite news |date=1949-06-10 |title=Widening to Start on Harlem Bridge; $736,996 Contract Let by State for Washington Span, Link in Cross Bronx Expressway |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/10/archives/widening-to-start-on-harlem-bridge-736996-contract-let-by-state-for.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155107/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/10/archives/widening-to-start-on-harlem-bridge-736996-contract-let-by-state-for.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the ten-lane bridge was to supplement a surface-level span.<ref name="nyt-1949-04-23">{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Charles G. |date=1949-04-23 |title=Bridge Expansion Sets Record Pace; Five Major Projects Costing $25,326,000 Under Way to Relieve Traffic Jams |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/04/23/archives/bridge-expansion-sets-record-pace-five-major-projects-costing.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155106/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/04/23/archives/bridge-expansion-sets-record-pace-five-major-projects-costing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Engineering firms Andrews & Clark and Hardesty & Hanover were hired to supervise the project later in 1949.<ref name="nyt-1949-08-12">{{Cite news |date=1949-08-12 |title=Inspection Contract Let; Two Firms to Supervise Work on Cross-Bronx Expressway |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/12/archives/inspection-contract-let-two-firms-to-supervise-work-on-crossbronx.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031143430/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/12/archives/inspection-contract-let-two-firms-to-supervise-work-on-crossbronx.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A short segment near Bruckner Boulevard opened in 1950 and was the first part of the expressway to be completed.<ref name="nyt-1954-11-15">{{Cite news |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=1954-11-15 |title=Cross Bronx Road is Merely 2 Ends; Land for Central Section of $86,000,000 Expressway Has Yet to Be Bought |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/11/15/archives/cross-bronx-road-is-merely-2-ends-land-for-central-section-of.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031171458/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/11/15/archives/cross-bronx-road-is-merely-2-ends-land-for-central-section-of.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 

The state government hired the J. Kaufman Demolition Company in 1951 to raze structures on the right-of-way east of the Bronx River Parkway.<ref name="nyt-1951-03-22">{{Cite news |date=1951-03-22 |title=Cross Bronx Expressway Bid |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/03/22/archives/cross-bronx-expressway-bid.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031155106/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/03/22/archives/cross-bronx-expressway-bid.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By early 1953, part of the highway east of the Bronx River Parkway was also being constructed.<ref name="p1322297699" /> The construction of this section required excavating underneath the [[Parkchester station]] of the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[IRT Pelham Line|Pelham Line]].<ref name="nyt-1954-11-15" /> In addition, the [[Bronx River]] had to be relocated several hundred feet in the vicinity of the Bronx River Parkway interchange.<ref name="p1338031875" /><ref name="Deutsch 2009" /> The section from the Bronx River Parkway to the Bruckner Interchange opened on November&nbsp;5, 1955, at the same time as parts of the [[Queens Midtown Expressway|Queens Midtown]] and [[Major Deegan Expressway|Major Deegan]] expressways. The first portion of the Cross Bronx Expressway had cost $34.6 million and was about {{convert|2|mi}} long.<ref name="p1326055593">{{cite news |last=Ross |first=Don |date=6 Nov 1955 |title=3 City Expressway Routes Are Opened: Harriman and Wagner Attend, Urge Vote for Roads Bond Issue |page=3 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1326055593}}}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1955-11-06">{{Cite news |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=1955-11-06 |title=Harriman Favors 'Yes' on Road Fund; Harriman Pleads for 'Yes' Vote On Bonds as 3 Road Links Open |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/06/archives/harriman-favors-yes-on-road-fund-harriman-pleads-for-yes-vote-on.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031171458/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/06/archives/harriman-favors-yes-on-road-fund-harriman-pleads-for-yes-vote-on.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The segment was six lanes wide;<ref name="p1327591814">{{cite news |date=15 Oct 1955 |title=3 New Expressways to Ease City Bottlenecks |page=A1 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1327591814}}}}</ref> its original western end was at Rosedale Avenue, where ramps connected to the northbound Bronx River Parkway.<ref name="nyt-1955-11-04">{{Cite news |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=1955-11-04 |title=3 Highway Links Open Tomorrow; Additions to Queens Midtown, Cross-Bronx and Deegan Units Cost $127,000,000 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/04/archives/3-highway-links-open-tomorrow-additions-to-queens-midtown.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722190755/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/04/archives/3-highway-links-open-tomorrow-additions-to-queens-midtown.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A one-mile (1.5&nbsp;km) western extension from the Bronx River Parkway to a temporary interchange at Longfellow Avenue, near Boston Road, opened on April&nbsp;23, 1956.<ref name="nyt-1956-04-24">{{Cite news |date=1956-04-24 |title=Bronx Road Link Open; New Section of Cross Borough Highway Put Into Use |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/24/archives/bronx-road-link-open-new-section-of-cross-borough-highway-put-into.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031171457/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/24/archives/bronx-road-link-open-new-section-of-cross-borough-highway-put-into.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  

When the [[Throgs Neck Bridge]] to [[Queens]] opened on January&nbsp;11, 1961,<ref name="NYTimes-BridgeOpened-1961">{{cite web |last=Phillips |first=McCandlish |date=January 12, 1961 |title=Throgs Neck Bridge Is Opened To No Pomp and Little Traffic |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/12/archives/throgs-neck-bridge-is-opened-to-no-pomp-and-little-traffic.html |access-date=October 8, 2018 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=October 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007223115/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/12/archives/throgs-neck-bridge-is-opened-to-no-pomp-and-little-traffic.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LISJ-Opening-1961">{{cite news |last=Phillips |first=Dorothy A. |date=January 12, 1961 |title=Throgs Neck Bridge Opens New Gateway to Long Island |pages=[http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2FLong%2520Island%2520%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2520-%25201188.pdf 1B], [http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201961/Long%20Island%20%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201961%20-%201200.pdf 13B] |work=Long Island Star-Journal |via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> the Cross Bronx was extended east as one of the bridge's two northern approaches, the other being the [[Interstate 695 (New York)|Throgs Neck Expressway]] (later I-695). Both extensions were part of the [[Interstate Highway System]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=January 1, 1961 |title=Around the Town: New York City's System of Bypasses Is Beginning to Take Shape |page=X17 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/01/archives/around-the-town-new-york-citys-system-of-bypasses-is-beginning-to.html |access-date=April 14, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722185606/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/01/archives/around-the-town-new-york-citys-system-of-bypasses-is-beginning-to.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Cross Bronx Expressway Extension and the Clearview Expressway were originally designated as part of [[Interstate 78 in New York|I-78]],<ref name="NYTimes-Clearview-Aug1963">{{cite news |date=August 11, 1963 |title=First Road Finished for Fair Complex |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/08/11/89950722.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118221305/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/08/11/89950722.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NassauExyEIS">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bag1AQAAMAAJ&pg=SL9-PA37 |title=Nassau Expressway Construction, New York City: Environmental Impact Statement |publisher=[[United States Department of Transportation]], [[Federal Transit Administration]], [[New York State Department of Transportation]] |year=1981 |access-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|title=New York with Sight-Seeing Guide|publisher=[[Esso]]|cartography=[[General Drafting]]|year=1962|edition=1962}}</ref> which was to continue through Queens, [[Brooklyn]], and [[Manhattan]] to the [[Holland Tunnel]].<ref name="1960map">{{cite map|title=New York and New Jersey Tourgide<!--sic--> Map|publisher=[[Gulf Oil Company]]|cartography=[[Rand McNally and Company]]|year=1960}}</ref><ref name="RPA-ExpresswayPlans-1964">{{cite journal |date=May 1964 |title=Expressway Plans |url=https://archive.org/details/regionalplannews7374regi |journal=[[Regional Plan Association|Regional Plan News]] |publisher=[[Regional Plan Association]] |issue=73–74 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/regionalplannews7374regi/page/n0 1]–18 |access-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ingraham |first1=Joseph C. |date=March 5, 1957 |title=State Road Plans Snarled By Political Tugs of War; Study of Long-Range Program Linked to National System Finds a Financial Muddle and Lack of Initiative |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/03/05/archives/state-road-plans-snarled-by-political-tugs-of-war-study-of.html |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228163430/http://www.nytimes.com/1957/03/05/archives/state-road-plans-snarled-by-political-tugs-of-war-study-of.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, most of I-78 was canceled in 1971.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cliness |first=Francis X. |date=March 25, 1971 |title=Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan |page=78 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/03/25/81936145.pdf |access-date=April 14, 2010 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118221250/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/03/25/81936145.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYCPk-ClearviewsTail">{{cite web |title=Clearview's Tail |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/clearviews-tail/history |access-date=February 28, 2017 |publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] |archive-date=March 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180330/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/clearviews-tail/history |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NassauExyEIS" /> In anticipation of this change, the Cross Bronx Expressway Extension and the Clearview Expressway were renumbered I-295 on January 1, 1970.<ref name="1970log">{{cite book |author=State of New York Department of Transportation |url=http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf |title=Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State |date=January 1, 1970 |author-link=State of New York Department of Transportation |access-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-date=March 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326062441/http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>