Editing Crowd (section)

==Movement dynamics==
Studies have shown that human crowds move in ways that resemble [[Fluid dynamics|fluid]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=L. F. |date=1974-12-01 |title=On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041164774900276 |journal=Transportation Research |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1016/0041-1647(74)90027-6 |issn=0041-1647|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Helbing |first1=Dirk |last2=Molnár |first2=Péter |date=1995-05-01 |title=Social force model for pedestrian dynamics |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282 |journal=Physical Review E |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=4282–4286 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282|pmid=9963139 |arxiv=cond-mat/9805244 |bibcode=1995PhRvE..51.4282H |s2cid=5771125 }}</ref> and can be modeled by such methods as [[Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics|particle simulation]] and [[statistical physics]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Helbing |first1=Dirk |last2=Farkas |first2=Illés |last3=Vicsek |first3=Tamás |date=2000-09-28 |title=Simulating dynamical features of escape panic |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35035023 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=407 |issue=6803 |pages=487–490 |doi=10.1038/35035023 |pmid=11028994 |issn=1476-4687|arxiv=cond-mat/0009448 |bibcode=2000Natur.407..487H |s2cid=310346 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Castellano |first1=Claudio |last2=Fortunato |first2=Santo |last3=Loreto |first3=Vittorio |date=2009-05-11 |title=Statistical physics of social dynamics |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=591–646 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591|arxiv=0710.3256 |bibcode=2009RvMP...81..591C |s2cid=118376889 }}</ref> Similar observations have been made for car traffic<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Helbing |first=Dirk |date=2001-12-07 |title=Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.73.1067 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=1067–1141 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.73.1067|arxiv=cond-mat/0012229 |bibcode=2001RvMP...73.1067H |s2cid=119330488 }}</ref> and the movement of ant aggregations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tennenbaum |first1=Michael |last2=Liu |first2=Zhongyang |last3=Hu |first3=David |last4=Fernandez-Nieves |first4=Alberto |date=2015-10-26 |title=Mechanics of fire ant aggregations |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4450 |journal=Nature Materials |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=54–59 |doi=10.1038/nmat4450 |pmid=26501413 |issn=1476-4660|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Zhongyang |last2=Hyatt |first2=John |last3=Mlot |first3=Nathan |last4=Gerov |first4=Michael |last5=Fernandez-Nieves |first5=Alberto |last6=Hu |first6=David |date=2013-11-01 |title=Ants cushion applied stress by active rearrangements |journal=APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DFDR11004L |pages=R11.004|bibcode=2013APS..DFDR11004L }}</ref>

=== Crowd analysis ===
{{excerpt|Crowd analysis}}