Editing DPT vaccine (section)

=== Tdap ===
Tdap (also TDP) is a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and [[Pertussis vaccine|acellular pertussis vaccine]]. It was licensed in the United States for use in adults and adolescents on 10 June 2005.<ref name="MMWR 55(RR17);1-33" /> Two Tdap vaccines are available in the US. In January 2011, the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) [[Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices]] (ACIP) recommended the use of Tdap in adults of all ages, including those age 65 and above.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2010 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–15 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21228763 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6001.pdf | author1 = Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) | access-date = 26 September 2020 | archive-date = 20 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210320152800/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6001.pdf | url-status = live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> In October 2011, in an effort to reduce the burden of pertussis in infants, the ACIP recommended that unvaccinated pregnant women receive a dose of Tdap. On 24 October 2012, the ACIP voted to recommend the use of Tdap during every pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 62 | issue = 7 | pages = 131–135 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23425962 | pmc = 4604886 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6207.pdf | author1 = Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) | access-date = 30 July 2020 | archive-date = 17 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201017062655/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6207.pdf | url-status = live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="pmid31971933">{{cite journal | vauthors = Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, Hariri S, Bernstein H | title = Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices&nbsp;— United States, 2019 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 77–83 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31971933 | pmc = 7367039 | doi = 10.15585/mmwr.mm6903a5 }} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The ACIP and Canada's [[National Immunization Technical Advisory Group|National Advisory Committee on Immunization]] (NACI) recommended that both adolescents and adults receive Tdap in place of their next Td booster (recommended to be given every ten years).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Broder KR, Cortese MM, Iskander JK, Kretsinger K, Slade BA, Brown KH, Mijalski CM, Tiwari T, Weston EJ, Cohn AC, Srivastava PU, Moran JS, Schwartz B, Murphy TV | title = Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) | journal = MMWR. Recommendations and Reports | volume = 55 | issue = RR-3 | pages = 1–34 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16557217 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5503.pdf | access-date = 30 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210321054948/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5503.pdf | url-status = live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ACIP Votes to Recommend Use of Combined Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine for Adults |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nip/vaccine/tdap/tdap_adult_recs.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019123107/http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vaccine/tdap/tdap_adult_recs.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2006 }} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Interval Between Administration of Vaccines Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis |website= PHAC-ASPC.GC.ca |date= 14 October 2005 |url= http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/05vol31/acs-dcc-8-9/9_e.html |access-date= 3 June 2007 |archive-date= 27 September 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060927050753/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/05vol31/acs-dcc-8-9/9_e.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="MMWR 55(RR17);1-33">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kretsinger K, Broder KR, Cortese MM, Joyce MP, Ortega-Sanchez I, Lee GM, Tiwari T, Cohn AC, Slade BA, Iskander JK, Mijalski CM, Brown KH, Murphy TV | title = Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adults: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and recommendation of ACIP, supported by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), for use of Tdap among health-care personnel | journal = MMWR. Recommendations and Reports | volume = 55 | issue = RR-17 | pages = 1–37 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17167397 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5517.pdf | access-date = 30 July 2020 | archive-date = 19 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210319233328/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5517.pdf | url-status = live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Tdap and Td can be used as [[Preventive healthcare|prophylaxis]] for tetanus in wound management. People who will be in contact with young infants are encouraged to get Tdap even if it has been less than five years since Td or TT to reduce the risk of infants being exposed to pertussis. NACI suggests intervals shorter than five years can be used for catch-up programs and other instances where programmatic concerns make five-year intervals difficult.<ref>{{cite web|year=2020|title=General Recommendations on Immunization|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6002a1.htm|access-date=4 August 2020|publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805211246/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6002a1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The WHO recommends a [[DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine|pentavalent vaccine]], combining the DTP vaccine with vaccines against [[Haemophilus influenzae|''Haemophilus influenzae'' type B]] and [[hepatitis B]]. Evidence on how effective this pentavalent vaccine is compared to the individual vaccines has not yet been determined.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bar-On ES, Goldberg E, Hellmann S, Leibovici L | title = Combined DTP-HBV-HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B (HIB) | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 4 | pages = CD005530 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22513932 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD005530.pub3 | s2cid = 205179339 | pmc = 11440342 }}</ref>

A 2019 study found that state requirements mandating the use of the Tdap vaccine "increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32%."<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Carpenter CS, Lawler EC |year=2019|title=Direct and Spillover Effects of Middle School Vaccination Requirements|journal=American Economic Journal: Economic Policy|volume=11|issue=1|pages=95–125|doi=10.1257/pol.20170067|issn=1945-7731|doi-access=free}}</ref>