Editing Defence mechanism (section)

===Level 3: neurotic===
These mechanisms are considered [[neurosis|neurotic]], but fairly common in adults. Such defences have short-term advantages in coping, but can often cause long-term problems in relationships, work and in enjoying life when used as one's primary style of coping with the world.<ref name="Vaillant, G. E. 1986"/>
They include:
*''[[Displacement (psychology)|Displacement]]'': Defence mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening target; redirecting emotion to a safer outlet; separation of emotion from its real object and redirection of the intense emotion toward someone or something that is less offensive or threatening in order to avoid dealing directly with what is frightening or threatening.  
*''[[Dissociation (psychology)|Dissociation]]'': Temporary drastic modification of one's personal identity or character to avoid emotional distress; separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a situation or thought.
*''[[Intellectualization]]'': Excessively analytical or abstract thought patterns, potentially leading to increased distance from one's emotions. Used to block out conflicting or disturbing feelings or thoughts.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Bailey |first1=Ryan |title=Defense Mechanisms |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559106/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=32644532 |access-date=2022-06-28 |last2=Pico |first2=Jose}}</ref>
*''[[Isolation (psychology)|Isolation]] of [[Affect (psychology)|affect]]'': The detachment of emotion from an idea, making it "flat." Frequently observed in [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]], and in non-disordered people following traumatic events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=isolation of affect |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012916 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref>
*''[[Reaction formation]]'': Converting unconscious wishes or impulses that are perceived to be dangerous or unacceptable into their opposites; behaviour that is completely the opposite of what one really wants or feels; taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety
*''[[Psychological repression|Repression]]'': The process of attempting to repel desires towards pleasurable instincts, caused by a threat of suffering if the desire is satisfied; the desire is moved to the unconscious in the attempt to prevent it from entering consciousness;<ref name="LaplancheP390">Laplanche pp. 390, 392{{Full citation needed|date=May 2017}}<!-- This is probably "The language of psychoanalysis" 1973 by Jean Laplanche. If someone has access to it, then please check if it does show these things. --></ref> seemingly unexplainable naivety, memory lapse or lack of awareness of one's own situation and condition; the emotion is conscious, but the idea behind it is absent<ref>[http://www.eric.vcu.edu/home/resources/pipc/Other/Personality/Table_Defenses.pdf Psychological Defenses from DSM-IV (see Repression)], Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved on December 12, 2014.</ref>