Editing Dehumanization (section)

=== Transatlantic slave trade ===
Dehumanization played a central role in justifying and sustaining the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]].<ref name=":62">Luigi Corrias, “Dehumanization by Law 1.” In ''The Routledge Handbook of Dehumanization'', 1st ed., 1:201–13. Routledge, 2021. doi:10.4324/9780429492464-chapter13.</ref> Africans were portrayed as biologically suited for enslavement and were denied the qualities considered essential to full humanity.<ref>Maria Rosário Pimentel,  “The Justification of Slavery in Modern Natural Law,” 33–51. CRC Press | Taylor & Francis, 2022. doi: 10.1201/9780429299070</ref> This logic was grounded in binary oppositions, especially the division between the “civilized” and the “savage”, in which enslaved peoples were depicted as ''savages'' lacking rationality, culture, and moral agency.<ref name=":53">Siep Stuurman, “Dehumanization Before The Columbian Exchange.” In ''The Routledge Handbook of Dehumanization'', 1st ed., 1:39–51. Routledge, 2021. doi:10.4324/9780429492464-chapter2.</ref> Such portrayals served to legitimize their exploitation and subjugation.<ref name=":53" /> These beliefs were later reinforced by ideologies that framed imperial powers as bearers of civilization to “less developed” peoples, a view often encapsulated in the phrase “[[The White Man's Burden|the White Man’s Burden]]”.<ref name=":43">{{Cite journal |last1=Emile |first1=Bruneau |last2=Kteily |first2=Nour |date=2017-07-26 |title=The enemy as animal: Symmetric dehumanization during asymmetric warfare |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=e0181422 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181422 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5528981 |pmid=28746412|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1281422B }}</ref>