Editing Deniable encryption (section)

==== Layers ====
One example of deniable encryption is a [[cryptographic filesystem]] that employs a concept of abstract "layers", where each layer can be decrypted with a different encryption key.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} Additionally, special "[[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] layers" are filled with random data in order to have [[plausible deniability]] of the existence of real layers and their encryption keys.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} The user can store decoy files on one or more layers while denying the existence of others, claiming that the rest of space is taken up by chaff layers.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} Physically, these types of filesystems are typically stored in a single directory consisting of equal-length files with filenames that are either [[randomness|random]]ized (in case they belong to chaff layers), or [[cryptographic hash function|cryptographic hash]]es of strings identifying the blocks.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} The [[timestamp]]s of these files are always randomized.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} Examples of this approach include Rubberhose filesystem. 

Rubberhose (also known by its development codename Marutukku)<ref name="dreyfus">{{cite web |title=Rubberhose cryptographically deniable transparent disk encryption system |url=http://marutukku.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716034441/http://marutukku.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=marutukku.org}}</ref> is a deniable encryption program which encrypts data on a storage device and hides the encrypted data. The existence of the encrypted data can only be verified using the appropriate cryptographic key. It was created by [[Julian Assange]] as a tool for human rights workers who needed to protect sensitive data in the field and was initially released in 1997.<ref name="dreyfus" /> 

The name Rubberhose is a joking reference to the [[cypherpunks]] term rubber-hose cryptanalysis, in which encryption keys are obtained by means of violence.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} 

It was written for [[Linux kernel]] 2.2, [[NetBSD]] and [[FreeBSD]] in 1997–2000 by [[Julian Assange]], [[Suelette Dreyfus]], and Ralf Weinmann. The latest version available, still in alpha stage, is v0.8.3.<ref name="marutukku">{{cite web |title=Rubberhose cryptographically deniable transparent disk encryption system |url=http://marutukku.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716034441/http://marutukku.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=marutukku.org}}</ref>