Editing Detoxification (section)

===Metabolic detoxification===
An animal's [[metabolism]] can produce harmful substances which it can then make less toxic through [[Organic redox reaction|reduction]], [[oxidation]] (collectively known as [[redox]] reactions), [[xenobiotic conjugation|conjugation]] and [[excretion]] of molecules from cells or tissues.<ref name="mdcom.qc.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdcom.qc.ca/ |title=Detox |access-date=2009-07-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804171000/http://www.mdcom.qc.ca/ |archive-date=2009-08-04 }}</ref> This is called [[xenobiotic metabolism]].<ref name="amigo.geneontology.org">{{cite web|author=xenobiotic metabolic process |url=http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0006805&session_id=6158amigo1247950855 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725080140/http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0006805&session_id=6158amigo1247950855 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-07-25 |title=AmiGO: xenobiotic metabolic process Details |publisher=Amigo.geneontology.org |date=2013-04-13 |access-date=2013-04-21 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080109235956/http://www.usd.edu/med/som/somdept/biochem/courses/bioc520/b520_60.htm L-60: Xenobiotic Metabolism] (archived version).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zoology.muohio.edu/oris/ZOO462/notes/03_462.html |title=Metabolism of Xenobiotics |publisher=Zoology.muohio.edu |access-date=2013-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601201828/http://zoology.muohio.edu/oris/ZOO462/notes/03_462.html |archive-date=2013-06-01 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080724032850/http://www.oxfordbiomed.com/commerce/ccc2433-xenobiotic-metabolism.htm Xenobiotic Metabolism-Oxford Biomedical Research Inc] (archived version).</ref> Enzymes that are important in detoxification metabolism include [[cytochrome P450|cytochrome P450 oxidase]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Danielson P |title=The cytochrome P450 superfamily: biochemistry, evolution and drug metabolism in humans |journal=Curr Drug Metab |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=561–97 |year=2002 |pmid=12369887 |doi=10.2174/1389200023337054}}</ref> [[Glucuronosyltransferase|UDP-glucuronosyltransferases]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=King C, Rios G, Green M, Tephly T |title=UDP-glucuronosyltransferases |journal=Curr Drug Metab |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=143–61 |year=2000 |pmid=11465080 |doi=10.2174/1389200003339171}}</ref> and [[glutathione S-transferase|glutathione ''S''-transferase]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheehan D, Meade G, Foley V, Dowd C |title=Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases: implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily |journal=Biochem J |volume=360 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=1–16 |year=2001 |pmid=11695986 |doi=10.1042/0264-6021:3600001 |pmc=1222196}}</ref> These processes are particularly well-studied as part of [[drug metabolism]], as they influence the [[pharmacokinetics]] of a drug in the body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ionsource.com/tutorial/metabolism/met_slide5.htm |title=Small Molecule Drug Metabolism |publisher=Ionsource.com |date=2012-09-01 |access-date=2013-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tpx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/29/1_suppl/161 |title=Comparison of the Levels of Enzymes Involved in Drug Metabolism between Transgenic or Gene-knockout and the Parental Mice |publisher=Tpx.sagepub.com |date=2001-01-01 |access-date=2013-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=D M Dulik|author2=C Fenselau|name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/abstract/2/7/2235?ck=nck |title=Use of immobilized enzymes in drug metabolism studies |journal=FASEB Journal  |date=1988-04-01 |volume=2|issue=7|pages=2235–40|doi=10.1096/fasebj.2.7.3127263|doi-access=free |pmid=3127263|s2cid=27415918 |access-date=2013-04-21|url-access=subscription}}</ref>