Editing Development communication (section)

=== Bretton Woods ===

The Bretton Woods school of development communication paralleled the economic strategies outlined in the [[Marshall Plan]], the [[Bretton Woods system]] and of the [[World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]] in 1944.<ref name="ManyozoAJC" /><ref name="ManyozoMazi">{{cite web|url=http://comminit.com/early-child/content/cfsc-pioneer-honouring-nora-quebral|title=CFSC Pioneer: Honouring Nora Quebral |last=Manyozo |first=Linje|year=2005 }}</ref>
The little-used name served to differentiate the original paradigm from other schools that evolved later.{{sfn|Manyozo|2005}} Leading theorists included Daniel Lerner, Wilbur Schramm and Everett Rogers. Due to his pioneering influence, Rogers was referred to as "one of the founding fathers of development communication."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adhikarya |first1=R. |title=A Personal Tribute to Everett Rogers |journal=Media Asia |date=20 May 2016 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=123–126 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2004.11726745|s2cid=171284150 }}</ref>

This approach to development communication was criticized by Latin American researchers such as [[Luis Ramiro Beltan]] and Alfonso Gumucio Dagron, because it emphasized problems in the developing nation rather than its unequal relation with developed countries. They claimed that it proposed [[industrial capitalism]] as a universal solution and that many projects failed to address obstacles such as lack of access to land, agricultural credits, and fair market prices.{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}

Failed projects in the 1960s led to revisions.{{clarify|date=September 2013}} Manyozo found that the school had been the most dynamic in testing and adopting new approaches and methodologies.<ref name="ManyozoAJC" />

Institutions associated with the Bretton Woods school of development communication include:
[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO)
[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations (FAO)
[[Rockefeller Foundation]]
[[Department for International Development]], United Kingdom
[[Ford Foundation]]