Editing Disability studies (section)

===Race===
Recent scholarship has included studies that explore the intersection between disability and race. [[Christopher Bell (scholar)|Christopher Bell]]'s work publicly challenged disability studies to engage with race, calling it "white disability studies".<ref>{{harvnb|Davis|2006|loc=Introducing White Disability Studies: A Modest Proposal. pp. 275–282}}</ref> His posthumous<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://media-dis-n-dat.blogspot.ca/2009/12/obituary-chris-bell-disability-studies.html|title=Media dis&dat: Obituary: Chris Bell, disability studies scholar on race, HIV/AIDS, dies|author=BA Haller|date=2009-12-26|publisher=Media-dis-n-dat.blogspot.ca|access-date=2013-05-07}}</ref> volume on ''Blackness and Disability'' further developed his analysis.<ref name=":1">{{harvnb|Bell|2011}}</ref> These works engage with issues of [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] economic oppression. The 2009 publication of [[Fiona Kumari Campbell]]'s ''Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness'' signaled a new direction of research – studies in ableism, moving beyond preoccupations with disability to explore the maintenance of abledness in sexed, raced and modified bodies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gray |first1=Caroline |title=Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Ableness |journal=Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews |date=November 2011 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=694–695 |doi=10.1177/0094306111425016h |s2cid=144766878 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1554978}}</ref> A. J. Withers' work critiques the social model of disability because, among other things, it erases the experiences of BIPOC people, women, trans and queer people and puts forward a more radical model of disability.<ref name=Withers12>{{Cite book|last=Withers|first=A. J.|title=Disability Politics and Theory|publisher=Fernwood|year=2012|isbn=978-1-55266-473-5|location=Black Point}}</ref>  Other contemporary works, such as literary studies conducted by [[Sami Schalk]] explore the intersection of disability and race and the use of dis/ability as a metaphor within the genre of black women's [[speculative fiction]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bodyminds reimagined : (dis)ability, race, and gender in black women's speculative fiction|last=Samantha Dawn|first=Schalk |year=2018|isbn=978-0-8223-7073-4 |publisher=Duke University Press |oclc=985689502|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bodymindsreimagi00scha}}</ref> Collectively, these works reflect an effort to deal with complex histories of marking racially "othered" bodies as physically, psychologically, or morally deficient, and traces this history of scientific racism to contemporary dynamics. Empirical studies show that minority students are disproportionately more likely to be removed from class or school for "behavioral" or academic reasons, and far more likely to be labeled with intellectual or learning disabilities.<ref name="Annamma2015"/>

In addition to work by individual scholars, disability studies organizations have also begun to focus on disability and race and gender. The Society for Disability Studies created the Chris Bell Memorial Scholarship to honor Bell's commitment to diversity in disability studies.<ref name="SDSBell">{{cite web|url=https://www.disstudies.org/awards/chris-bell|title=chris bell memorial scholarship|website=Society for Disability Studies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160435/https://www.disstudies.org/awards/chris-bell|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Postsecondary disability studies programs increasingly engage with the intersectionality of oppression. The [[University of Manitoba]] offers a course on "Women with disabilities".<ref name="ManitobaCourses">{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/disability_studies/contents/courses.html|title=Disability Studies Courses|website=University of Manitoba|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Several recent masters' student research papers at [[York University]] focus on issues related to women with disabilities and people of African descent with disabilities.<ref name="York">{{cite web|url=http://cdis.gradstudies.yorku.ca/ma/mrp/|title=Completed MA Project Research Papers |website=York University|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>