Editing Disney animators' strike (section)

==Aftermath and notable departures==
The strike left the studio with only 694 employees.<ref>[http://thisdayindisneyhistory.homestead.com/sep16.html SEP 16 Disney History]</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2019}} In addition to Babbitt, the studio lost the following staff:

* [[Bill Tytla]] (who later moved to [[Terrytoons]] and [[Famous Studios]], although his work is also visible on the 1942 MGM short ''[[The Hungry Wolf]]''),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-10-19 |title=Michael Sporn Animation - Splog » Tytla's Hungry Wolf |url=http://www.michaelspornanimation.com/splog/?p=2684 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019021659/http://www.michaelspornanimation.com/splog/?p=2684 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Kelly]], [[Tyrus Wong]], [[Virgil Partch]], [[Hank Ketcham]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Babbitt|first=Art|date=2013-03-22|title=Dennis the Union Menace|url=https://babbittblog.com/2013/03/22/dennis-the-union-menace/|access-date=2020-08-18|website=babbittblog|language=en}}</ref> [[Don Lusk]],<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bartlett |first1=Rhett |date=2018-12-31 |title=Don Lusk, Animator on 'Pinocchio', 'Fantasia' and Charlie Brown Specials, Dies at 105 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/don-lusk-dead-pinocchio-fantasia-charlie-brown-animator-was-105-1172027/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Joey Lockwood, Art Palmer, James Escalante, William Hurtz, Clair Weeks,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-11-15|title=Biography: Clair Weeks|url=https://animationresources.org/biography-clair-weeks/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=AnimationResources.org - Serving the Online Animation Community|language=en-US}}</ref> Moe Gollub,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MichaelBarrier.com -- "What's New" Archives: December 2014|url=http://www.michaelbarrier.com/WhatsNewArchives/2014/WhatsNewArchivesDec14.html|access-date=2020-08-24|website=www.michaelbarrier.com}}</ref> [[Willis Pyle]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-21 |title=Willis Pyle obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/jun/21/willis-pyle-obituary |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> [[T. Hee]], [[George Baker (cartoonist)|George Baker]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Baker and the Sad Sack {{!}}|date=December 20, 2013|url=http://www.tcj.com/george-baker-and-the-sad-sack/|access-date=2020-09-19|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Hicks Lokey]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 1984 Golden Awards Banquet Video, Part 3 {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/the-1984-golden-awards-banquet-video-part-3/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-09|title=ASIFA-Hollywood Cartoon Hall Of Fame: LOKEY, Hicks|url=http://www.cartoonhalloffame.org/2005/12/lokey-hicks.html|access-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109143537/http://www.cartoonhalloffame.org/2005/12/lokey-hicks.html|archive-date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Stephen Bosustow]] (who co-founded [[United Productions of America]]), Don Tobin,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Don Tobin|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/tobin_don.htm|access-date=2021-07-09|website=lambiek.net|language=en}}</ref> Eddie Strickland,<ref name=":0" /> Tony Rivera,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hulett |first=Steve |date=2006-08-30 |title=Remembering Tony Rivera |url=http://animationguildblog.blogspot.com/2006/08/remembering-tony-rivera.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=TAG Blog}}</ref> [[Cy Young (animator)|Cy Young]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Terrytoons "Indian Pudding" (1930) {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/terrytoons-indian-pudding-1930/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> [[Jesse Marsh]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reilly |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csIlMQAACAAJ |title=Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales, Vol. 2 |date=August 2017 |publisher=Idea & Design Works, LLC |isbn=978-1-63140-908-0 |language=en}}</ref> Chris Ishii,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chris Ishii|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/i/ishii_chris.htm|access-date=2021-07-09|website=lambiek.net|language=en}}</ref> [[Aurelius Battaglia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Disney Strike of 1941: How It Changed Animation & Comics|url=https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-strike-1941-how-it-changed-animation-comics|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Animation World Network|language=en}}</ref> Lynn Karp,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: Lynn Karp|url=http://www.michaelbarrier.com/Interviews/Karp/Karp.html|access-date=2020-08-19|website=www.michaelbarrier.com}}</ref> [[Jules Engel]], and Frank Fullmer. 
* [[Kenneth Muse]], [[Preston Blair]], [[Ed Love]], Walt Clinton, Arnold Gillespie, Claude Smith, Otto Englander, Webb Smith, Chuck Couch,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Disney's "Boat Builders": Even A Child Can Do It! {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/disneys-boat-builders-even-a-child-can-do-it/|access-date=2021-05-08|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> and [[Bernard Wolf]] left for the [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio|MGM Cartoon Studio]]. 
* [[Frank Tashlin]] (who later moved to Warner Bros., which had previously employed him as a director from 1936 to 1938), already head of production for [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia's]] [[Screen Gems#Animation studio (1921–49)|Screen Gems]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Tashlin|url=https://www.nyrb.com/collections/frank-tashlin|access-date=2020-08-18|website=New York Review Books|language=en}}</ref> hired [[Emery Hawkins]], [[Ray Patterson (animator)|Ray Patterson]] (who later moved to MGM),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Irv Spence's "Rugged Rangers" {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/irv-spences-rugged-rangers/|access-date=2020-08-19|website=cartoonresearch.com|quote="...he was hired at Walt Disney's studio but left during the strike two years later. He spent a brief period at Screen Gems when Frank Tashlin (who later moved to Warner Bros.) was its creative head. Patterson soon moved to MGM, assigned to the Hanna-Barbera unit."}}</ref> Louie Schmitt (later an animator and character designer for [[Tex Avery]] at MGM),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Langley|first=Kevin|date=2007-04-10|title=Cartoons, Model Sheets, & Stuff: Tex Avery - "Lucky Ducky"|url=http://klangley.blogspot.com/2007/04/tex-avery-lucky-ducky.html|access-date=2021-06-26|website=Cartoons, Model Sheets, & Stuff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Devon |date=September 22, 2019 |title=Devon Baxter on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/dee_bax/status/1175601548933652480 |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> Howard Swift, Phil Klein,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MichaelBarrier.com -- "What's New" Archives: October 2008 |url=http://www.michaelbarrier.com/WhatsNewArchives/2008/WhatsNewArchivesOct08.htm#ofcabbagescontd |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=www.michaelbarrier.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abraham |first=Adam |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/777375474 |title=When Magoo flew: the rise and fall of animation studio UPA |date=2012 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-7270-7 |location=Middletown, Conn. |oclc=777375474}}</ref> [[John Hubley]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Hubley Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/john-hubley|access-date=2020-08-18|website=biography.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> [[David Hilberman]] (who later moved to Warner Bros.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Animator Profiles: NORM McCABE {{!}} |url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animator-profiles-norm-mccabe/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=MichaelBarrier.com -- Essays: UPA 1944-1952 |url=http://www.michaelbarrier.com/Essays/UPA/UPA.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.michaelbarrier.com}}</ref> and co-founded United Productions of America), Zack Schwartz (who co-founded United Productions of America),<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=UPA Founder Zack Schwartz Has Died |url=https://www.awn.com/news/upa-founder-zack-schwartz-has-died |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Animation World Network |language=en}}</ref> Phil Duncan, Leo Salkin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Chat with Leo Salkin {{!}} |url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/a-chat-with-leo-salkin/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> Grant Simmons (who later moved to MGM), Basil Davidovich (who later moved to Warner Bros.), Jim Armstrong, Bernard Garbutt, William Shull (later an animator at MGM), Chic Otterstrom, [[Sam Cobean]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lynch|first=Mike|date=2020-04-03|title=Remembering Sam Cobean|url=http://mikelynchcartoons.blogspot.com/2020/04/remembering-sam-cobean.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Mike Lynch Cartoons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Beck|first=Jerry|date=2004-11-30|title=SAM COBEAN WEBSITE|url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/old-brew/sam-cobean-website-675.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Cartoon Brew|language=en-US}}</ref> Adrian Woolery,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1992-03-15|title=Adrian (Ade) Woolery; Pioneer in TV Commercial Animation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-15-mn-6580-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184943/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-15-mn-6580-story.html |archive-date=July 9, 2021 }}</ref> and [[Volus Jones]]. Bob Wickersham, who left Disney to work at [[Fleischer Studios]] before the strike, was also hired.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: Frank Tashlin |url=http://www.michaelbarrier.com/Interviews/Tashlin/tashlin_interview.htm |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=www.michaelbarrier.com |quote="I hired the picketers, and I built a new studio out of all the people who worked at Disney's. John Hubley...Bob Wickersham...I can't think of [all] their names, but they were good Disney animators, so they all came over and we had a studio."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MOONLIGHTING ANIMATORS IN COMICS: Bob Wickersham {{!}} |url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/moonlighting-animators-in-comics-bob-wickersham/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>
* Babbitt,  [[Hawley Pratt]]. [[Bill Melendez]], Art Heinemann, Ray Patin,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moonlighting Animation Artists in Comics: RAY PATIN {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/moonlighting-animation-artists-in-comics-ray-patin/|access-date=2021-06-01|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> [[P.&nbsp;D. Eastman|Phil&nbsp;Eastman]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographical Information|url=http://areyoumymotherbook.weebly.com/biographical-information.html|access-date=2020-09-19|website=areyoumymotherbook.weebly.com}}</ref> [[Don R. Christensen|Don Christensen]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moonlighting Animators in Comics: Don R. Christensen {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/moonlighting-animators-in-comics-don-r-christensen/|access-date=2020-09-05|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref> [[Jack Bradbury]], and Gene Hazelton<ref>{{Cite web |title=News From ME - Mark Evanier's blog |url=https://www.newsfromme.com/2005/04/09/gene-hazelton-r-i-p/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.newsfromme.com}}</ref> left for [[Leon Schlesinger Productions]] (which would later be known as [[Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc.]] after [[Leon Schlesinger|Schlesinger]] sold the studio to [[Warner Bros.]]). Russ Dyson, [[Cornett Wood]] and [[Maurice Noble]] would also join the studio years afterward.
* Milt Schaffer, preceded briefly by Couch and joined years later by Hawkins, Pat Matthews,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://klangley.blogspot.com/2008/11/little-info-on-pat-matthews.html|title=Cartoons, Model Sheets, & Stuff: A Little Info on Pat Matthews|date=November 6, 2008}}</ref> [[Dick Lundy (animator)|Dick Lundy]] and Heinemann, moved to [[Walter Lantz Productions]]. 

[[Fleischer Studios]] (later transitioned to [[Famous Studios]]) and [[Terrytoons]] are the only major animation studios that did not benefit from hiring displaced Disney personnel immediately after the strike, mainly due to them being located in the East Coast. However, they still were able to gain some talent in the following years, including [[Bill Tytla]], Isadore Klein, Morey Reden, T. Hee and Paul Busch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Walter Lantz' Andy Panda in "Meatless Tuesday" {{!}}|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/walter-lantz-andy-panda-in-meatless-tuesday/|access-date=2021-12-04|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>

In the years following [[World War II]], Lusk, Hee, Jones, Weeks, Marsh, Duncan, Schaffer, Hawkins, Salkin, Patin, Davidovich, Lokey, Battaglia, and Bradbury returned to the studio for varying lengths of time. Disney was forced to rehire Babbitt after he brought an unfair labor practices suit against the studio, though Babbitt eventually left for good in 1946.

Disney never forgave the participants and subsequently treated union members with contempt,<ref name=libcom.org/> arguing in a letter that the strike "cleaned house at our studio" and got rid of "the chip-on-the-shoulder boys and the world-owes-me-a-living lads".<ref>{{cite news|last=Garchik|first=Leah |url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/entertainment/garchik/article/Beauty-only-skin-deep-so-women-are-considering-6092693.php|title=Beauty only skin deep, so women are considering their history|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=22 February 2015|access-date=31 July 2016}}</ref> Testifying to the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]], Disney alleged that [[communism]] had played a major role in the strike, and many of the participants were [[Hollywood blacklist|blacklisted]], including Art Heinemann, an art director on ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]''. Heinemann went out on strike in sympathy with the animators and was subsequently fired and blacklisted, his name removed from ''Fantasia'''s credits.<ref name=libcom.org/>