Editing Divan (section)

==Later Islamic dynasties==
{{see|Anarchy at Samarra|Abbasid civil war (865–866)|Zanj Rebellion|Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)}}
As the Abbasid Caliphate began to fragment in the mid 9th century, its administrative machinery was copied by the emergent successor dynasties, with the already extant local ''dīwān'' branches likely providing the base on which the new administrations were formed.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=433}}

===Saffarids, Ziyarid, Sajids, Buyids and Samanids===
{{see|Anarchy at Samarra|Al-Muti}}
The administrative machinery of the [[Tahirid dynasty|Tahirid]] governors of [[Khurasan]] is almost unknown, except that their treasury was located in their capital of [[Nishapur]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=433}} [[Ya'qub al-Saffar]] (r. 867–879), the founder of the [[Saffarid dynasty]] who supplanted the Tahirids, is known to have had a bureau of the army (''dīwān al-ʿarḍ'') for keeping the lists and supervising the payment of the troops, at his capital [[Zarang]]. Under his successor [[Amr ibn al-Layth]] (r. 879–901) there were two further treasuries, the ''māl-e khāṣṣa'', and an unnamed bureau under the chief secretary corresponding to a chancery (''dīwān al-rasāʾil'' or ''dīwān al-inshāʾ'').{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=433}}

The [[Buyids]], who took over Baghdad and the remains of the Abbasid Caliphate in 946, drew partly on the established Abbasid practice, but was adapted to suit the nature of the rather decentralized Buyid "confederation" of autonomous emirates.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=434}} The Buyid bureaucracy was headed by three great departments: the ''dīwān al-wazīr'', charged with finances, the ''dīwān al-rasāʾil'' as the state chancery, and the ''dīwān al-jaysh'' for the army.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=434}} The Buyid regime was a military regime, its ruling caste composed of [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] and [[Daylamites|Daylamite]] troops. As a result, the army department was of particular importance, and its head, the ''ʿariḍ al-jaysh'', is frequently mentioned in the sources of the period. Indeed, at the turn of the 11th century, there were two ''ʿariḍs'', one for the Turks and one for the Daylamites, hence the department was often called "department of the two armies" (''dīwān al-jayshayn'').{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=434}} A number of junior departments, like the ''dīwān al-zimām'', the ''dīwān al-ḍiyāʿ'', or the ''dīwān al-barīd'' were directly inherited from the Abbasid government. Under [[Adud al-Dawla]] (r. 978–983), however, the ''dīwān al-sawād'', which oversaw the rich lands of lower Iraq, was moved from Baghdad to [[Shiraz]]. In addition, a ''dīwān al-khilāfa'' was established to oversee the affairs of the Abbasid caliphs, who continued to reside in Baghdad as puppets of the Buyid emirs.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=434}}

===Seljuks===
{{See also|Seljuk Sultanate|Seljuk dynasty|Al-Muqtadi}}
The [[Great Seljuks]] tended to cherish their nomadic origins, with their [[sultan]]s leading a [[wikt:peripatetic|peripatetic]] court to their various capitals. Coupled with their frequent absence on campaign, the vizier assumed an even greater prominence, concentrating the direction of civil, military and religious affairs in his own bureau, the "supreme dīwān" (''dīwān al-aʿlā'').{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=434}} The ''dīwān al-aʿlā'' was further subdivided into a chancery (''dīwān al-inshāʾ wa’l-ṭughrā'', also called ''dīwān al-rasāʾil'') under the ''ṭughrāʾī'' or ''munshī al-mamālik'', an accounting department (''dīwān al-zimām wa’l-istīfāʾ'') under the ''mustawfī al-mamālik'', a fiscal oversight office (''dīwān al-ishrāf'' or ''dīwān al-muʿāmalāt'') under the ''mushrif al-mamālik'', and the army department (''dīwān al-ʿarḍ'' or ''dīwān al-jaysh'') under the ''ʿariḍ'' (further divided into the recruitment and supply bureau, ''dīwān al-rawātib'', and the salary and land grants bureau, ''dīwān al-iqṭāʾ'').{{sfn|Lambton|1988|pp=28–29}}{{sfn|Korobeinikov|2014|p=84}} A number of lesser departments is also attested, although they may not have existed at the same time: the office charged with the redress of grievances (''dīwān al-maẓālim''), the state treasury (''bayt al-māl'') and the sultan's private treasury (''bayt al-māl al-khaṣṣ''), confiscations (''dīwān al-muṣādara''), the land tax office (''dīwān al-kharāj'') and the department of religious endowments or ''[[waqf]]s'' (''dīwān al-awqāf''). A postal department (''dīwān al-barīd'') also existed but fell into disuse.{{sfn|Korobeinikov|2014|p=84}}{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=435}} The system was apparently partly copied in provincial centres as well.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=435}}

===Ottoman Tripolitania===
{{see also|Government of the Classical Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Algeria|Ottoman Tunisia}}
Following the Ottoman conquest of North Africa, the [[Greater Maghreb|Maghreb]] was divided into three provinces, [[Ottoman Algeria|Algiers]], [[Ottoman Tunisia|Tunis]], and [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]. After 1565, administrative authority in Tripoli was vested in a [[Pasha]] directly appointed by the Sultan in Constantinople. The sultan provided the pasha with a corps of [[Janissaries]], which was in turn divided into a number of companies under the command of a junior officer or ''[[Bey]]''. The Janissaries quickly became the dominant force in Ottoman Libya. As a self-governing military guild answerable only to their own laws and protected by a ''Divan'' (in this context, a council of senior officers who advised the Pasha), the Janissaries soon reduced the Pasha to a largely ceremonial role.