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Divine command theory
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===Immanuel Kant=== The [[deontological ethics]] of [[Immanuel Kant]] has been cast as rejecting divine command theory by several figures, among whom is ethicist [[R. M. Hare]]. Kant's view that morality should be determined by the [[categorical imperative]] β duty to the moral law, rather than acting for a specific end β has been viewed as incompatible with divine command theory. Philosopher and theologian [[John E. Hare]] has noted that some philosophers see divine command theory as an example of Kant's [[heteronomy|heteronomous will]] β motives besides the moral law, which Kant regarded as non-moral.<ref name=PT263>{{harvnb|Phillips|Tessin|2000|p=263}}</ref> American philosopher [[Lewis White Beck]] takes Kant's argument to be a refutation of the theory that morality depends on divine authority.<ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|Tessin|2000|p=264}}</ref> John E. Hare challenges this view, arguing that [[Kantian ethics]] should be seen as compatible with divine command theory.<ref name=PT263/>
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