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==Timeline== [[File:Doomsday Clock graph.svg|thumb|768px|left|'''Doomsday Clock graph, 1947–2023'''. The lower points on the graph represent a higher probability of technologically or environmentally-induced catastrophe, and the higher points represent a lower probability, in the opinion of the ''Bulletin''.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; clear:left" |+ Timeline of the Doomsday Clock<ref name=":0" /> ! width="5%" | Year ! width="5%" | {{nowrap|Minutes to}} midnight ! width="5%" | Time ([[24-hour clock|24-h]]) ! width="5%" data-sort-type=number | Change (minutes) ! class="unsortable" | Reason ! class="unsortable" | Clock |- | 1947 | 7 | 23:53 | 0 | align="left" | The initial setting of the Doomsday Clock. | [[File:Doomsday clock (7 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1949 | 3 | 23:57 | style="color:firebrick" | −4 | align="left" | The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, the [[RDS-1]], starting the [[nuclear arms race]]. | [[File:Doomsday clock (3 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1953 | 2 | 23:58 | style="color:firebrick" | −1 | align="left" | The United States [[Ivy Mike|tests]] its first [[thermonuclear device]] in November 1952 as part of [[Operation Ivy]], before the Soviet Union follows suit with the [[Joe 4]] test in August. This remained the clock's closest approach to midnight (tied in 2018) until 2020. | [[File:Doomsday clock (2 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1960 | 7 | 23:53 | style="color:green" | +5 | align="left" | In response to a perception of increased scientific cooperation and public understanding of the dangers of nuclear weapons (as well as political actions taken to avoid "[[massive retaliation]]"), the United States and Soviet Union cooperate and avoid direct confrontation in regional conflicts such as the 1956 [[Suez Crisis]], the 1958 [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]], and the [[1958 Lebanon crisis]]. Scientists from various countries help establish the [[International Geophysical Year]], a series of coordinated, worldwide scientific observations between nations allied with both the United States and the Soviet Union, and the [[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]], which allow Soviet and American scientists to interact. | [[File:Doomsday clock (7 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1963 | 12 | 23:48 | style="color:green" | +5 | align="left" | The United States and the Soviet Union sign the [[Partial Test Ban Treaty]], limiting atmospheric nuclear testing. | [[File:Doomsday clock (12 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1968 | 7 | 23:53 | style="color:firebrick" | −5 | align="left" | The [[Role of the United States in the Vietnam War|involvement of the United States]] in the [[Vietnam War]] intensifies, the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] takes place, and the [[Six-Day War]] occurs in 1967. France and China, two nations which have not signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty, acquire and test nuclear weapons (the 1960 ''[[Gerboise Bleue]]'' and the 1964 [[596 (nuclear test)|596]], respectively) to assert themselves as global players in the nuclear arms race. | [[File:Doomsday clock (7 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1969 | 10 | 23:50 | style="color:green" | +3 | align="left" | Every nation in the world, with the notable exceptions of India, Israel, and Pakistan, signs the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]]. | [[File:Doomsday clock (10 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1972 | 12 | 23:48 | style="color:green" | +2 | align="left" | The United States and the Soviet Union sign the [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks#SALT I Treaty|first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty]] (SALT I) and the [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty|Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty]]. | [[File:Doomsday clock (12 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1974 | 9 | 23:51 | style="color:firebrick" | −3 | align="left" | India tests a nuclear device ([[Smiling Buddha]]), and [[SALT II]] talks stall. Both the United States and the Soviet Union modernize [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s (MIRVs). | [[File:Doomsday clock (9 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1980 | 7 | 23:53 | style="color:firebrick" | −2 | align="left" | Unforeseeable end to deadlock in American–Soviet talks as the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] begins. As a result of the war, the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] refuses to ratify the SALT II agreement. | [[File:Doomsday clock (7 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1981 | 4 | 23:56 | style="color:firebrick" | −3 | align="left" | The Soviet war in Afghanistan toughens the U.S.{{'}} nuclear posture. [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Jimmy Carter]] [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|withdraws the United States]] from the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Summer Olympic Games]] in Moscow. The Carter administration considers ways in which the United States could win a nuclear war. [[Ronald Reagan]] [[First inauguration of Ronald Reagan|becomes President of the United States]], scraps further arms reduction talks with the Soviet Union, and argues that the only way to end the [[Cold War]] is to win it. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union contribute to the danger of nuclear annihilation as they each deploy [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|intermediate-range missiles]] in Europe. The adjustment also accounts for the [[Iran hostage crisis]], the [[Iran–Iraq War]], China's atmospheric nuclear warhead test, the [[Martial law in Poland|declaration of martial law in Poland]], [[apartheid]] in [[South Africa]], and [[human rights]] abuses across the world.<ref name="The Daily News" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Feld |first=Bernard T. |author-link=Bernard T. Feld |date=January 1981 |title=The hands move closer to midnight |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1981.11458799 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1981.11458799 |bibcode=1981BuAtS..37a...1F |issn=0096-3402|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (4 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1984 | 3 | 23:57 | style="color:firebrick" | −1 | align="left" | Further escalation of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, with the ongoing Soviet–Afghan War intensifying the Cold War. U.S. [[Pershing II]] [[medium-range ballistic missile]] and [[BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile|cruise missiles]] are deployed in Western Europe.<ref name="The Daily News">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19831221&id=_vgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5121,4779473 |title=Doomsday Clock at 3'til midnight |newspaper=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|The Daily News]] |date=December 21, 1983 |access-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125185031/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19831221&id=_vgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5121,4779473 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ronald Reagan pushes to win the Cold War by intensifying the arms race between the superpowers. The Soviet Union and its allies (except Romania) [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|boycott]] the [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Olympic Games]] in Los Angeles, as a response to the U.S.-led boycott in 1980. | [[File:Doomsday clock (3 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1988 | 6 | 23:54 | style="color:green" | +3 | align="left" | In December 1987, the United States and the Soviet Union sign the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]], to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles, and their relations improve.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19871217&id=tNMxAAAAIBAJ&pg=5371,1764595 |title=Hands of the 'Doomsday Clock' turned back three minutes |newspaper=[[Reading Eagle]] |date=December 17, 1987 |access-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125185031/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19871217&id=tNMxAAAAIBAJ&pg=5371,1764595 |url-status=live }}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (6 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1990 | 10 | 23:50 | style="color:green" | +4 | align="left" | The [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] and the [[Iron Curtain]], along with the [[German reunification|reunification of Germany]], mean that the Cold War is nearing its end. | [[File:Doomsday clock (10 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1991 | 17 | 23:43 | style="color:green" | +7 | align="left" | The United States and Soviet Union sign the [[START I|first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty]] (START I), the US announces the removal of many tactical nuclear weapons in September 1991, and the Soviet Union takes similar steps, as well as announcing the complete cessation of all nuclear testing in October 1991. The ''Bulletin'' editorial, published November 26, 1991, announces that "the 40-year-long East-West nuclear arms race is over."<ref name="Bulletin-1991">{{cite journal |last1=Editorial Board |editor1-last=Moore |editor1-first=Mike |title=A New Era (Editorial) |journal=The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=1991-11-26 |volume=47 |issue=10 (December 1991) |page=3 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1991.11460045 }}</ref> One month after the ''Bulletin'' made this clock adjustment, the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union dissolves]] on December 26, 1991. This is the farthest from midnight the Clock has been since its inception. | [[File:Doomsday clock (17 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1995 | 14 | 23:46 | style="color:firebrick" | −3 | align="left" | Global military spending continues at Cold War levels amid concerns about post-Soviet nuclear proliferation of weapons and brainpower. | [[File:Doomsday clock (14 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 1998 | 9 | 23:51 | style="color:firebrick" | −5 | align="left" | Both India ([[Pokhran-II]]) and Pakistan ([[Chagai-I]]) test nuclear weapons in a tit-for-tat show of aggression; the United States and Russia run into difficulties in further reducing stockpiles. | [[File:Doomsday clock (9 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2002 | 7 | 23:53 | style="color:firebrick" | −2 | align="left" | Little progress on global nuclear disarmament. United States rejects a series of arms control treaties and announces its intentions to withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, amid concerns about the possibility of a nuclear terrorist attack due to the amount of weapon-grade nuclear materials that are unsecured and unaccounted for worldwide. | [[File:Doomsday clock (7 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2007 | 5 | 23:55 | style="color:firebrick" | −2 | align="left" | North Korea [[2006 North Korean nuclear test|tests a nuclear weapon in October 2006]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The North Korean nuclear test |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |year=2009 |url=http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/special-topics/the-north-korean-nuclear-test |access-date=August 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627235938/http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/special-topics/the-north-korean-nuclear-test |archive-date=June 27, 2009}}</ref> Iran's [[Nuclear program of Iran|nuclear ambitions]], a renewed American emphasis on the military utility of nuclear weapons, the failure to adequately secure nuclear materials, and the continued presence of some 26,000 nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia.<ref name="2007PressRelease" /> After assessing the dangers posed to civilization, climate change was added to the prospect of nuclear annihilation as the greatest threats to humanity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16670686|title=Nukes, climate push 'Doomsday Clock' forward|date=January 15, 2012|access-date=January 15, 2012|work=NBC News|archive-date=January 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125185041/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/16670686|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (5 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2010 | 6 | 23:54 | style="color:green" | +1 | align="left" | Worldwide cooperation to reduce nuclear arsenals and limit effect of climate change.<ref name=":0" /> The [[New START]] agreement is ratified by both the United States and Russia, and more negotiations for further reductions in the American and Russian nuclear arsenal are already planned. The [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] in Copenhagen results in the developing and industrialized countries agreeing to take responsibility for carbon emissions and to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius. | [[File:Doomsday clock (6 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2012 | 5 | 23:55 | style="color:firebrick" | −1 | align="left" | Lack of global [[action on climate change|political action to address global climate change]], nuclear weapons stockpiles, the potential for regional nuclear conflict, and nuclear power safety.<ref name="2012PressRelease">{{cite web |url=http://www.thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-remains-five-minutes-midnight |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=June 29, 2013 |title=Doomsday Clock moves to five minutes to midnight |date=January 14, 2013 |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709021242/http://www.thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-remains-five-minutes-midnight |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (5 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2015 | 3 | 23:57 | style="color:firebrick" | −2 | align="left" | Concerns amid continued lack of global political action to address global climate change, the modernization of nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia, and the problem of nuclear waste.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Michael|title=Doomsday Clock moves two minutes closer to midnight|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-to-midnight/|access-date=January 23, 2015|work=CBS News|date=January 22, 2015|archive-date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122193144/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-to-midnight/|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (3 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2017 | data-sort-value="2.5" |{{frac|2|1|2}} | 23:57:30 | style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.5" | −{{frac|1|2}}<br/>(−30 s) | align="left" | United States President Donald Trump's comments over nuclear weapons, the threat of a renewed arms race between the U.S. and Russia, and the [[climate change denial|expressed disbelief in the scientific consensus over climate change]] by the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]].<ref name="It is two and a half minutes to midnight">{{cite web|author1=Science and Security Board Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|title=It is two and a half minutes to midnight|date=August 9, 2011|url=http://thebulletin.org/sites/default/files/Final%202017%20Clock%20Statement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126162831/http://thebulletin.org/sites/default/files/Final%202017%20Clock%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2017 |url-status=dead|publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref name="2017 move">{{cite press release|title=Board moves the clock ahead|url=http://thebulletin.org/press-release/board-moves-clock-ahead10433|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|access-date=January 26, 2017|language=en|date=January 26, 2017|archive-date=January 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126160825/http://thebulletin.org/press-release/board-moves-clock-ahead10433|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Holley|first1=Peter|last2=Ohlheiser|first2=Abby|last3=Wang|first3=Amy B|title=The Doomsday Clock just advanced, 'thanks to Trump': It's now just {{citefrac|2|1|2}} minutes to 'midnight.'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/01/26/the-doomsday-clock-just-moved-again-its-now-two-and-a-half-minutes-to-midnight/|access-date=January 26, 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=June 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630124906/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/01/26/the-doomsday-clock-just-moved-again-its-now-two-and-a-half-minutes-to-midnight/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bromwich|first1=Jonah Engel|title=Doomsday Clock Moves Closer to Midnight, Signaling Concern Among Scientists|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/science/doomsday-clock-countdown-2017.html?|access-date=January 26, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 26, 2017|archive-date=January 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126225556/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/science/doomsday-clock-countdown-2017.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NPR.org"/> | [[File:Doomsday clock (2.5 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2018 | 2 | 23:58 | style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.5" | −{{frac|1|2}}<br/>(−30 s) | align="left" | Failure of world leaders to deal with looming threats of nuclear war and climate change. This is the clock's third closest approach to midnight, matching that of 1953.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/01/25/after-a-missile-scare-and-insult-war-with-north-korea-its-time-to-check-the-doomsday-clock/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180125153839/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/01/25/after-a-missile-scare-and-insult-war-with-north-korea-its-time-to-check-the-doomsday-clock/ |archive-date=January 25, 2018 |title=The Doomsday Clock is now just 2 minutes to 'midnight,' the symbolic hour of the apocalypse |first1=Lindsey |last1=Bever |first2=Sarah |last2=Kaplan |first3=Abby |last3=Ohlheiser |date=January 25, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 15, 2022}}</ref>{{cbignore}} In 2019, the ''Bulletin'' reaffirmed the "two minutes to midnight" time, citing continuing climate change and Trump administration's abandonment of U.S. efforts to lead the world toward [[decarbonization]]; U.S. withdrawal from the [[Paris Agreement]], the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]], and the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]]; U.S. and Russian nuclear modernization efforts; [[information warfare]] threats and other dangers from "disruptive technologies" such as [[synthetic biology]], artificial intelligence, and [[cyberwarfare]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |title=A new abnormal: It is still 2 minutes to midnight |first1=John |last1= Mecklin|date=January 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124194613/https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |archive-date=January 24, 2019 |access-date=January 24, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{cbignore}}<!-- must access web page as of specified date --> | [[File:Doomsday clock (2 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2020 | data-sort-value="1.67" | {{frac|1|2|3}}<br/>(100 s) | 23:58:20 | style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.33" | −{{frac|1|3}}<br/>(−20 s) | align="left" | Failure of world leaders to deal with the increased threats of nuclear war, such as the end of the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] (INF) between the United States and Russia as well as increased tensions between the U.S. and [[Iran]], along with the continued neglect of climate change. Announced in units of seconds, instead of minutes; this was the clock's closest approach to midnight, exceeding that of 1953 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Doomsday clock: Humanity closer to annihilation than ever before, scientists say; Clock is now set to 100 seconds to midnight, experts announce |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/doomsday-clock-2020-coronavirus-midnight-time-nuclear-war-ai-climate-a9298926.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123164218/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/doomsday-clock-2020-coronavirus-midnight-time-nuclear-war-ai-climate-a9298926.html |archive-date=January 23, 2020 |last=Griffin |first=Andrew |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=January 15, 2022 |language=en |date=January 23, 2020}}</ref>{{cbignore}} The ''Bulletin'' concluded by stating that the current issues causing the adjustment are "the most dangerous situation that humanity has ever faced". In the annual statements for 2021 and 2022, issued in January of each year, the ''Bulletin'' left the "100 seconds to midnight" time setting unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current Time|url=https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|language=en-US|archive-date=July 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731004740/https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2021 Doomsday Clock Statement |url=https://thebulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-doomsday-clock-statement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127152335/https://thebulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-doomsday-clock-statement.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |url-status=live |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=March 9, 2022 |date=January 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2022 Doomsday Clock Statement |url=https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120154742/https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |date=January 20, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (1.67 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2023 | data-sort-value="1.5" | {{frac|1|1|2}}<br/>(90 s) | 23:58:30 | style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.17" | −{{frac|1|6}}<br/>(−10 s) | align="left" | Due largely–but not exclusively–to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and the increased risk of [[nuclear escalation]] stemming from the conflict. Russia suspended its participation in the last remaining nuclear weapons treaty between it and the United States, [[New START]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Putin's Move on Nuclear Treaty May Signal End to Formal Arms Control |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/21/world/europe/putin-new-start-treaty.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605082021/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/21/world/europe/putin-new-start-treaty.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia also brought its war to the [[Capture of Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] and [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis|Zaporizhzhia]] nuclear reactor sites, violating international protocols and risking widespread release of radioactive materials. North Korea resumed its nuclear rhetoric, launching an intermediate-range ballistic missile test over Japan in October 2022. Continuing threats posed by the climate crisis and the breakdown of global norms and institutions set up to mitigate risks associated with advancing technologies and biological threats such as COVID-19 also contributed to the time setting.<ref name="bulletin2023"/> This setting remained unchanged the following year.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Doomsday Clock remains at 90 seconds to midnight|url=https://thebulletin.org/2024/01/press-release-doomsday-clock-remains-at-90-seconds-to-midnight/ |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |first=Sarah|last=Starkey|access-date=January 23, 2024 |date=January 23, 2024}}</ref> | [[File:Doomsday clock (1.5 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |- | 2025 | data-sort-value="1.49" | {{frac|1|29|60}}<br/>(89 s) | 23:58:31 | style="color:firebrick" data-sort-value="-0.17" | −{{frac|1|60}}<br/>(−1 s) | align="left" | The continuing Russian invasion of Ukraine and the [[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)|Middle Eastern crisis]], increased [[nuclear proliferation]], effects of climate change, biological threats, and advancing technologies. This is the closest to midnight the Clock has been since its inception. | [[File:Doomsday clock (1.5 minutes).svg|88x88px|class=skin-invert-image]] |}
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