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Drag coefficient
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=== General === In general, <math>c_\mathrm d</math> is not an absolute constant for a given body shape. It varies with the speed of airflow (or more generally with [[Reynolds number]] <math>\mathrm{Re}</math>). A smooth sphere, for example, has a <math>c_\mathrm d</math> that varies from high values for [[laminar flow]] to 0.47 for [[turbulent flow]]. Although the drag coefficient decreases with increasing <math>\mathrm{Re}</math>, the drag force increases. <!--DO NOT ADD RANDOM VEHICLES OR OBJECTS TO THIS TABLE--> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:98%; width:450px;" ! ''c''<sub>d</sub> ! class="unsortable"| Item<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715171817/http://aerodyn.org/Drag/tables.html Shapes]<!-- [http://aerodyn.org/Drag/tables.html] (link broken, archived page: --></ref> |- | 0.001 || Laminar flat plate parallel to the flow (<math>\mathrm{Re} < 10^6</math>) |- | 0.005 || Turbulent flat plate parallel to the flow (<math>\mathrm{Re} > 10^6</math>) |- | 0.1 || Smooth sphere (<math>\mathrm{Re} = 10^6</math>) |- | 0.47 || Rough sphere (<math>\mathrm{Re} = 10^6</math>) |- |0.81 |Triangular trapeze (45Β°) |- |0.9-1.7 |Trapeze with triangular basis (45Β°) |- | 0.295 || Bullet (not [[ogive]], at subsonic velocity) |- | 1.0β1.1 || [[Skier]] |- | 1.0β1.3 || Wires and cables |- | 1.0β1.3 || Adult human (upright position) |- | 1.1-1.3 || Ski jumper<ref name=tool>{{cite web |url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/drag-coefficient-d_627.html |title=Drag Coefficient |publisher=Engineeringtoolbox.com |access-date=2010-12-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204050919/http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/drag-coefficient-d_627.html |archive-date=2010-12-04 }}</ref> |- | 1.28 || Flat plate perpendicular to flow (3D)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/shaped.html | title=Shape Effects on Drag | publisher=NASA | access-date=2013-03-11 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216192122/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/shaped.html | archive-date=2013-02-16 }}</ref> |- | 1.3β1.5 || [[Empire State Building]] |- | 1.8β2.0 || [[Eiffel Tower]] |- | 1.98β2.05 || Long flat plate perpendicular to flow (2D) |}
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