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Duncan Sandys
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==Co-founder of the European Movement == {{More citations needed|section|date=December 2022}} Sandys played a key role in the creation of the [[European Movement]]. He established the [[European Movement UK|United Europe Movement]] in Britain in 1947 following a speech of his father-in-law, Winston Churchill, in Zurich on 19 September 1946 when Churchill had called for the "European family" to be recreated and provided with "a structure under which it can dwell in peace, in safety and in freedom". In 1947, [[Joseph Retinger]], who had been instrumental in setting up the [[European League for Economic Cooperation]] in 1946, approached Sandys, then Honorary Secretary of the UEM, to discuss ways the League and the United Europe Movement might cooperate on questions relating to European integration. They decided to call a small conference of existing organisations working for European unity β the European League for Economic Cooperation, the United Europe Movement, the [[European People's Party|Nouvelles Equipes Internationales]], the [[European Parliamentary Union]], and the [[European Union of Federalists]]. This took place in Paris on 20 July 1947 where ELEC, the UEM, the EPU and the EUF agreed to establish the Committee for the Co-ordination of the International Movements for European Unity. The EPU did not however subsequently ratify its participation in the committee but the Nouvelles Equipes Internationales agreed to join. In December 1947, the committee was renamed the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity and Sandys was elected its chairman and Retinger its Honorary Secretary. The Committee organised the [[Congress of Europe]], held in [[The Hague]] from 7β11 May 1948 with 750 delegates from across Europe. Following the Congress, the International Committee was transformed into the European Movement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipgens |first=Walter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8785025 |title=A history of European integration |date=1982 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=0-19-822587-3 |edition=English |location=Oxford |oclc=8785025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Retinger |first=J. H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/495575 |title=Joseph Retinger--memoirs of an eminence grise; |date=1972 |publisher=Sussex University Press |others=John Pomian |isbn=0-85621-002-1 |location=[Brighton] |oclc=495575}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayne |first=Richard |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26163180 |title=Federal Union : the pioneers : a history of Federal Union |date=1990 |publisher=Macmillan |others=John Pinder, John C. de V. Roberts |isbn=0-333-41995-2 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |oclc=26163180}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=European Movement and the Council of Europe |publisher=Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd |year=1949 |location=Watford, United Kingdom |pages=31β49 |language=EN}}</ref> Sandys served as a member of the [[European Consultative Assembly|Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe]] from 1950 until 1951.
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