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Dux
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==Later developments== In the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] era of the Roman Empire, the position of dux survived ([[Medieval Greek|Byzantine Greek]]: "δούξ", ''doux'', plural "δούκες", ''doukes'') as a rank equivalent to a general (''[[strategos]]''). In the late 10th and early 11th centuries, a ''doux'' or ''[[katepano]]'' was in charge of large circumscriptions consisting of several smaller ''[[Theme (Byzantine district)|thema]]ta'' and of the professional regiments (''[[tagma (military)|tagma]]ta'') of the [[Byzantine army]] (as opposed to the largely militia-like forces of most ''themata''). In the [[Komnenian period]], the title of ''doux'' replaced altogether the ''strategos'' in designating the military official in charge of a ''thema''. In the [[Byzantine navy]], ''doukes'' of the fleet appear in the 1070s, and the office of ''[[megas doux]]'' ("grand duke") was created in the 1090s as the commander-in-chief of the entire [[Byzantine navy|navy]]. The title also gave rise to a family name, the aristocratic [[Doukas]] clan, which in the 9th–11th centuries provided several Byzantine emperors and generals, while later bearers of the name (maternally descended from the original family) founded the [[Despotate of Epirus]] in northwestern Greece.
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