Editing Electromagnetic propulsion (section)

=== Ships and Submarines ===

EMP and its applications for seagoing ships and submarines have been investigated since at least 1958 when Warren Rice filed a patent describing the technology.<ref>{{Cite patent|country=US|number=2997013|pubdate=1961-08-22|title=Propulsion system|assign1=Carl E. Grebe & inventor|inventor1-last=Rice|inventor1-first=Warren A.}}</ref> The technology described by Rice considered charging the hull of the vessel itself. The design was later refined by allowing the water to flow through thrusters as described in a later patent by James Meng.<ref>{{Cite patent|country=US|number=5333444|pubdate=1994-08-02|title=Superconducting electromagnetic thruster|assign1=[[Secretary of the United States Navy]]|inventor1-last=Meng|inventor1-first=James C. S.}}</ref> The arrangement consists of a water channel open at both ends extending longitudinally through or attached to the ship, a means for producing magnetic field throughout the water channel, [[electrode]]s at each side of the channel and source of power to send [[direct current]] through the channel at right angles to magnetic flux in accordance with Lorentz force.<ref>Friauf, J. B. (1961). Electromagnetic ship propulsion. American Society of Naval Engineers -- Journal, 73(1), 139-142.</ref>