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Electromyography
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===Maximal voluntary contraction=== One basic function of EMG is to see how well a muscle can be activated. The most common way that can be determined is by performing a [[muscle contraction|maximal voluntary contraction]] (MVC) of the muscle that is being tested.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Behm |first1=D.G. |last2=Whittle |first2=J. |last3=Button |first3=D. |last4=Power |first4=K. |date=2002-01-28 |title=Intermuscle differences in activation |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mus.10008 |journal=Muscle & Nerve |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=236β243 |doi=10.1002/mus.10008 |pmid=11870692 |s2cid=20430130 |issn=0148-639X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Each muscle group type has different characteristics, and MVC positions are varied for different muscle group types. Therefore, the researcher should be very careful while choosing the MVC position type to elicit the greater muscle activity level from the subjects.<ref>Peter Konrad, The ABC of EMG, https://www.noraxon.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ABC-EMG-ISBN.pdf.</ref> The types of MVC positions can vary among muscle types, contingent upon the specific muscle group being considered, including trunk muscles, lower limb muscles, and others.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vera-Garcia |first1=Francisco J. |last2=Moreside |first2=Janice M. |last3=McGill |first3=Stuart M. |date=2010-02-01 |title=MVC techniques to normalize trunk muscle EMG in healthy women |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050641109000571 |journal=Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=10β16 |doi=10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.010 |pmid=19394867 |issn=1050-6411|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Avdan |first1=Goksu |last2=Onal |first2=Sinan |last3=Smith |first3=Bryan K. |date=2023-04-01 |title=Normalization of EMG Signals: Optimal MVC Positions for the Lower Limb Muscle Groups in Healthy Subjects |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-023-00782-3 |journal=Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=195β202 |doi=10.1007/s40846-023-00782-3 |s2cid=257966584 |issn=2199-4757|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Muscle force, which is measured mechanically, typically correlates highly with measures of EMG activation of muscle. Most commonly this is assessed with surface electrodes, but it should be recognized that these typically record only from muscle fibers in close proximity to the surface. Several analytical methods for determining muscle activation are commonly used depending on the application. The use of mean EMG activation or the peak contraction value is a debated topic. Most studies commonly use the [[muscle contraction|maximal voluntary contraction]] as a means of analyzing peak force and force generated by target muscles. According to the article "Peak and average rectified EMG measures: Which method of data reduction should be used for assessing core training exercises?",<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hibbs |first1=A. E. |last2=Thompson |first2=K. G. |last3=French |first3=D. N. |last4=Hodgson |first4=D. |last5=Spears |first5=I. R. |date=February 2011 |title=Peak and average rectified EMG measures: Which method of data reduction should be used for assessing core training exercises? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1050641110000891 |journal=Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=102β111 |doi=10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.06.001 |pmid=20655245|url-access=subscription }}</ref> it was concluded that the "average rectified EMG data (ARV) is significantly less variable when measuring the muscle activity of the core musculature compared to the peak EMG variable." Therefore, these researchers would suggest that "ARV EMG data should be recorded alongside the peak EMG measure when assessing core exercises." Providing the reader with both sets of data would result in enhanced validity of the study and potentially eradicate the contradictions within the research.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Buchanan |first1=Thomas S. |last2=Lloyd |first2=David G. |last3=Manal |first3=Kurt |last4=Besier |first4=Thor F. |date=November 2004 |title=Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling: Estimation of Muscle Forces and Joint Moments and Movements from Measurements of Neural Command |url=https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jab/20/4/article-p367.xml |journal=Journal of Applied Biomechanics |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=367β395 |doi=10.1123/jab.20.4.367 |issn=1065-8483 |pmc=1357215 |pmid=16467928}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Halperin |first1=Israel |last2=Aboodarda |first2=Saied Jalal |last3=Button |first3=Duane C. |last4=Andersen |first4=Lars L. |last5=Behm |first5=David G. |date=February 2014 |title=Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters |journal=International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=92β102 |issn=2159-2896 |pmc=3924613 |pmid=24567860}}</ref>
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