Editing Emergence (section)

===Objective or subjective quality===
Crutchfield regards the properties of complexity and organization of any system as [[Subjectivity|subjective]] [[Quality (philosophy)|qualities]] determined by the observer.

<blockquote>Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analysed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded in non-linear processes. An observer's notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically and subtly, though, on how those resources are organized. The descriptive power of the observer's chosen (or implicit) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data.<ref>
{{cite journal
| last1                 = Crutchfield
| first1                = James P.
| author-link1          = James P. Crutchfield
| year             = 1993
| title                 = The Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction
| url                   = http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/CalcEmergTitlePage.htm
| journal               = Physica
| location     = Utrecht
| publication-date      = 1994
| volume                = 75
| issue                 = 1–3
| pages                  = 11–54
| access-date           = 24 Mar 2019
| bibcode = 1994PhyD...75...11C
| doi = 10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9
| url-access= subscription
}}
</ref>
</blockquote>

The low [[entropy]] of an ordered system can be viewed as an example of subjective emergence: the observer sees an ordered system by ignoring the underlying microstructure (i.e. movement of molecules or elementary particles) and concludes that the system has a low entropy.<ref>
See f.i. Carlo Rovelli: The mystery of time, 2017, part 10: Perspective, p.105-110
</ref>
On the other hand, chaotic, unpredictable behaviour can also be seen as subjective emergent, while at a microscopic scale the movement of the constituent parts can be fully deterministic.