Editing Endonym and exonym (section)

== Exonyms in relation to endonyms ==
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By their relation to endonyms, all exonyms can be divided into three main categories:

* those that are [[cognate]] words, diverged only in [[pronunciation]] or [[orthography]];
* those that are fully or partially translated (a [[calque]]) from the native language;
* those derived from different roots, as in the case of Germany for {{lang|de|Deutschland}}.

Sometimes, a place name may be unable to use many of the letters when [[transliterated]] into an exonym because of the corresponding language's lack of common sounds. [[Māori language|Māori]], having only one [[liquid consonant]], is an example of this here.

=== Cognate exonyms ===
[[London]] (originally {{langx|la|Londinium}}), for example, is known by the cognate exonyms:

* {{lang|es|Londres}} in [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[French language|French]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]];
* {{lang|el|Λονδίνο}} (pronounced /{{transliteration|el|Lon'ðino}}/) in [[Greek language|Greek]];
* {{lang|nl|Londen}} in [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans]];
* {{lang|it|Londra}} in [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]], [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]];
* {{lang|sq|Londër}} in [[Albanian language|Albanian]];
* {{lang|cs|Londýn}} in [[Czech language|Czech]] and [[Slovak language|Slovak]];
* {{lang|pl|Londyn}} in [[Polish language|Polish]];
* {{lang|mi|Rānana}} in [[Māori language|Māori]];
* {{lang|is|Lundúnir}} in [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]];
* {{lang|ga|Londain}} in [[Irish language|Irish]];
* {{lang|gd|Lunnainn}} in [[Scottish Gaelic]];
* {{lang|cy|Llundain}} in [[Welsh language|Welsh]];
* {{lang|fi|Lontoo}} in [[Finnish language|Finnish]];
* {{lang|vi|Luân Đôn}} in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]];
* {{lang|fa|لندن}} ({{transliteration|fa|Landan}}) in [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Urdu]];
* {{lang|zh|伦敦}} {{transliteration|zh|Lúndūn}} in [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]].

=== Translated exonyms ===
An example of a translated exonym is the name for the [[Netherlands]] ({{lang|nl|Nederland}} in Dutch) used, respectively, in [[German language|German]] ({{Lang|de|Niederlande}}), [[French language|French]] ({{lang|fr|Pays-Bas}}), [[Italian language|Italian]] ({{lang|it|Paesi Bassi}}), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ({{lang|es|Países Bajos}}), [[Irish language|Irish]] ({{lang|ga|An Ísiltír}}), [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ({{lang|pt|Países Baixos}}) and [[Romanian language|Romanian]] ({{lang|ro|Țările de Jos}}), all of which mean "[[terminology of the Low Countries|Low Countries]]". However, the endonym {{lang|nl|Nederland}} is singular, while all the aforementioned translations except Irish are plural.

=== Native and borrowed exonyms ===
Exonyms can also be divided into native and borrowed, e.g., from a third language. For example, the [[Slovene language|Slovene]] exonyms {{lang|sl|Dunaj}} ([[Vienna]]) and {{lang|sl|Benetke}} ([[Venice]]) are native, but the [[Avar language|Avar]] name of Paris, {{lang|av|Париж}} (''Parizh'') is borrowed from [[Russian language|Russian]] {{lang|ru|Париж}} (''Parizh''), which comes from Polish {{lang|pl|Paryż}}, which comes from Italian {{lang|it|Parigi}}.

A substantial proportion of English-language exonyms for places in [[continental Europe]] are borrowed (or adapted) from French; for example:

* [[Belgrade]] ({{langx|sr|Београд|translit=Beograd}});
* [[Bucharest]] ({{langx|ro|București}});
* [[Cologne]] ({{langx|de|Köln}} / {{langx|ksh|Kölle}});
* [[Florence]] ({{langx|it|Firenze}});
* [[Milan]] ({{langx|it|Milano}});
* [[Munich]] ({{langx|de|München}} / {{langx|bar|Minga}});
* [[Naples]] ({{langx|it|Napoli}} / {{langx|nap|Napule}});
* [[Navarre]] ({{langx|es|Navarra}} / {{langx|eu|Nafarroa}});
* [[Prague]] ({{langx|cs|Praha}});
* [[Rome]] ({{langx|it|Roma}}); and
* [[Seville]] ({{langx|es|Sevilla}}).