Editing Energy development (section)

==== Nuclear power phase-out and pull-backs ====
{{Further|Nuclear power phase-out}}
Japan's 2011 [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident]], which occurred in a reactor design from the [[Generation II reactor|1960]]s, prompted a rethink of [[nuclear safety]] and [[nuclear energy policy]] in many countries.<ref name=sciamer2011/> Germany decided to close all its reactors by 2022, and Italy has banned nuclear power.<ref name=sciamer2011>{{cite web |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=iaea-head-sees-wide-support |title=IAEA Head Sees Wide Support for Stricter Nuclear Plant Safety |author1=Sylvia Westall |author2=Fredrik Dahl |date=June 24, 2011 |work=Scientific American |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110625042535/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=iaea-head-sees-wide-support |archive-date=June 25, 2011 }}</ref> Following Fukushima, in 2011 the [[International Energy Agency]] halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035.<ref name="economist-20110428">{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/18621367?story_id=18621367 |title=Gauging the pressure |date=28 April 2011 |newspaper=The Economist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831040950/http://www.economist.com/node/18621367?story_id=18621367 |archive-date=31 August 2012 }}</ref><ref name=late>{{cite web |url=http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2 |title=Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation: Full Report |author=European Environment Agency |date=January 23, 2013 |page=476 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517104807/http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2 |archive-date=May 17, 2013 }}</ref>

===== Fukushima =====
Following the 2011 [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]] – the second worst [[nuclear incident]], that displaced 50,000 households after [[radioactivity|radioactive material]] leaked into the air, soil and sea,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-26/fukushima-retiree-to-lead-anti-nuclear-motion.html |title=Fukushima Retiree Leads Anti-Nuclear Shareholders at Tepco Annual Meeting |author1=Tomoko Yamazaki |author2=Shunichi Ozasa |date=27 June 2011 |work=Bloomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630151243/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-26/fukushima-retiree-to-lead-anti-nuclear-motion.html |archive-date=30 June 2011 }}</ref> and with subsequent radiation checks leading to bans on some shipments of vegetables and fish<ref>{{cite news  |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-nuclear-idUSTRE74610J20110507  |title=Japan anti-nuclear protesters rally after PM call to close plant  |author=Mari Saito  |date=7 May 2011  |work=Reuters  |url-status=live  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507220053/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/07/us-japan-nuclear-idUSTRE74610J20110507  |archive-date=7 May 2011  }}</ref> – a global public support survey by [[Ipsos]] (2011) for energy sources was published and nuclear fission was found to be the least popular<ref name="Ipsos-Fukushima">{{citation
 |author      = Ipsos
 |title       = Global Citizen Reaction to the Fukushima Nuclear Plant Disaster (theme: environment / climate) Ipsos Global @dvisor
 |date        = 23 June 2011
 |url         = http://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-global-advisor-nuclear-power-june-2011.pdf
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141224033030/https://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-global-advisor-nuclear-power-june-2011.pdf
 |archive-date = 24 December 2014
}}. Survey website: [http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2817/Strong-global-opposition-towards-nuclear-power.aspx Ipsos MORI: Poll: Strong global opposition towards nuclear power] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403234041/https://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2817/strong-global-opposition-towards-nuclear-power.aspx |date=2016-04-03 }}.</ref>