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English art
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==16th and 17th centuries== [[Nicholas Hilliard (artist)|Nicholas Hilliard]] ({{circa|1547}}β7 January 1619) β "the first native-born genius of English painting"<ref>{{cite book |title=British Art |last=Wilson |first=Simon |year=1979 |publisher=[[Tate Britain|The Tate Gallery]] & [[The Bodley Head]] |location=London |isbn=0370300343 |page=12}}</ref> β began a strong English tradition in the [[portrait miniature]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4470344/Small-is-beautiful.html |title=Small is beautiful |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> The tradition was continued by Hilliard's pupil [[Isaac Oliver]] ({{circa|1565}}βbur. 2 October 1617), whose French [[Huguenots|Huguenot]] parents had escaped to England in the artist's childhood. Other notable English artists across the period include: [[Nathaniel Bacon (painter)|Nathaniel Bacon]] (1585β1627); [[John Bettes the Elder]] (active {{circa|1531}}β1570) and [[John Bettes the Younger]] (died 1616); [[George Gower]] ({{circa|1540}}β1596), [[William Larkin (painter)|William Larkin]] (early 1580sβ1619), and [[Robert Peake the Elder]] ({{circa|1551}}β1619).<ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of English Painting |last=Gaunt |first=William |year=1978 |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |location=London |pages=15β56}}</ref> The [[artists of the Tudor court]] and their successors until the early 18th century included a number of influential imported talents: [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], [[Anthony van Dyck]], [[Peter Paul Rubens]], [[Orazio Gentileschi]] and his daughter [[Artemisia Gentileschi|Artemisia]], Sir [[Peter Lely]] (a naturalised English subject from 1662), and Sir [[Godfrey Kneller]] (a naturalised English subject by the time of his 1691 knighthood).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/about/paintings-and-miniatures/paintings |title=Paintings |publisher=[[Royal Collection Trust]] |access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> The 17th century saw a number of significant English painters of full-size portraits, most notably [[William Dobson]] 1611 (bapt. 1611βbur. 1646); others include [[Cornelius Johnson (artist)|Cornelius Johnson]] (bapt. 1593βbur. 1661)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/display/2015/cornelius-johnson-charles-is-forgotten-painter.php |title=Cornelius Johnson: Charles Iβs Forgotten Painter |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> and [[Robert Walker (painter)|Robert Walker]] (1599β1658). [[Samuel Cooper (painter)|Samuel Cooper]] (1609β1672) was an accomplished miniaturist in Hilliard's tradition, as was his brother [[Alexander Cooper]] (1609β1660), and their uncle, [[John Hoskins (painter)|John Hoskins]] (1589/1590β1664). Other notable portraitists of the period include: Thomas Flatman (1635β1688), [[Richard Gibson (painter)|Richard Gibson]] (1615β1690), the dissolute [[John Greenhill]] (c. 1644β1676), [[John Riley (painter, born 1646)|John Riley]] (1646β1691), and [[John Michael Wright]] (1617β1694). [[Francis Barlow (artist)|Francis Barlow]] (c. 1626β1704) is known as "the father of British sporting painting";<ref>{{Art UK bio|retrieved=8 September 2016|ref=1}}</ref> he was England's first [[Animal painter|wildlife painter]], beginning a tradition that reached a high-point a century later, in the work of [[George Stubbs]] (1724β1806).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/monkeys-and-dogs-playing-117766 |title=Monkeys and Dogs Playing: Francis Barlow (1626β1704) |publisher=Art UK |access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> English women began painting professionally in the 17th century; notable examples include [[Joan Carlile]] (c. 1606β79), and [[Mary Beale]] (nΓ©e Cradock; 1633β1699).<ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of English Painting |last=Gaunt |first=William |year=1978 |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |location=London |pages=29β56}}</ref> In the first half of the 17th century the English nobility became important collectors of European art, led by [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and [[Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/22/charles-art-collection-reunited-first-time-350-years-royal-academy/ |title=Charles I art collection reunited for first time in 350 years as Royal Academy relocates works from Van Dyke and Titian |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> By the end of the 17th century, the [[Grand Tour]] β a trip of Europe giving exposure to the cultural legacy of [[classical antiquity]] and the [[Renaissance]] β was ''de rigueur'' for wealthy young Englishmen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/travel-guide/a8080/grand-tour/ |title=The Town & Country Grand Tour |publisher=[[Town and Country Magazine]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> ===16th and 17th centuries: gallery=== <gallery widths="154px" heights="154px"> File:AnneBoleyn56.jpg|[[John Hoskins (painter)|Hoskins]]'s miniature of [[Anne Boleyn]] (c. 1501β1536); n.d.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onthetudortrail.com/Blog/2011/02/07/would-the-real-anne-boleyn-please-come-forward/comment-page-1/|title=Would the real Anne Boleyn please come forward?|publisher=On the Tudor Trail|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref> File:George Gower Elizabeth Sieve Portrait 2.jpg|[[George Gower]]'s [[Plimpton Sieve Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I|sieve portrait]] of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]; 1579.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Subject of Elizabeth: Authority, Gender, and Representation|last=Montrose|first=Louis|year=2006|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|location=Chicago|isbn=0226534758|page=123}}</ref> File:Elizabeth I attrib john bettes c1585 90.jpg|[[John Bettes the Younger]]'s portrait of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]; c. 1585.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/elizface2.htm|title=Portraits of Queen Elizabeth The First, Part 2: Portraits 1573-1587|publisher=Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Nicholas Hilliard - Young Man Among Roses - V&A P.163-1910.jpg|[[Nicholas Hilliard (artist)|Nicholas Hilliard]]'s ''Young Man Among Roses''; 1587.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/y/nicholas-hilliards-young-man-among-roses/|title='Young Man Among Roses' by Nicholas Hilliard (1547β1619)|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> File:Isaac Oliver d. Γ. 002.jpg|[[Isaac Oliver]]'s ''A Young Man Seated Under a Tree''; 1590β1595.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/420639/a-young-man-seated-under-a-tree|title=A Young Man Seated Under a Tree, c. 1590-1595|publisher=[[Royal Collection]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Elizabeth I. Procession portrait (detail).jpg|Detail of [[Robert Peake the Elder]]'s procession portrait of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]; c. 1601.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.historytoday.com/janet-dickinson-and-neil-younger/final-years-elizabeth-reign|title=The Final Years of Elizabeth I's Reign|magazine=[[History Today]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> File:CHANDOS3.jpg|The [[Chandos portrait]] of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], attributed to [[John Taylor (painter)|John Taylor]]; 1600β1610.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/mar/02/arts.books|title=The only true painting of Shakespeare - probably|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref> File:William Larkin Sir Francis Bacon 2.jpg|[[William Larkin (painter)|William Larkin]]'s portrait of Sir [[Francis Bacon]]; c. 1610.<ref>{{cite book|title=Literature and Ethics: Essays Presented to A. E. Malloch|last=Wihl|first=Gary|year=1988|publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]]|location=Montreal, Quebec|isbn=0773506624|page=[https://archive.org/details/literatureethics0000unse/page/37 37]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/literatureethics0000unse/page/37}}</ref> File:Charles II when Prince of Wales by William Dobson, 1642.jpg|[[William Dobson|Dobson]]'s portrait of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] when [[Prince of Wales]]; 1644.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/2105/charles-ii-1630-1685-king-scots-1649-1685-king-england-and-ireland-1660-1685-when-prince-wales-page|title=William Dobson: Charles II, 1630 - 1685. King of Scots 1649 - 1685. King of England and Ireland 1660 - 1685 (When Prince of Wales, with a page)|publisher=[[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Charles I at his trial.jpg|[[Edward Bower]]'s ''[[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] at his trial''; 1648.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/353001|title=King Charles I at his Trial|publisher=[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National trust]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Walker, Robert John - Evelyn.jpg|[[Robert Walker (painter)|Robert Walker]]'s portrait of diarist [[John Evelyn]]; 1648.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw08141/John-Evelyn|title=John Evelyn|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Charles II by John Michael Wright.jpg|[[John Michael Wright]]'s portrait of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]; c. 1676.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/404951/charles-ii-1630-1685|title=Charles II (1630-1685) c.1676|publisher=[[Royal Collection Trust]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> File:John Locke by Greenhill.jpg|[[John Greenhill]]'s portrait of [[John Locke]]; c. 1672β1676.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw03962/John-Locke?LinkID=mp02773&role=sit&rNo=0|title=John Locke|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> File:Coursing the Hare.JPG|[[Francis Barlow (artist)|Francis Barlow]]'s ''Coursing the Hare''; 1686.<ref>{{cite book|title=Francis Barlow: The First Master of English Book Illustration|last=Hodnett|first=Edward|year=1978|publisher=Scolar Press|location=London|isbn=0859673502|page=106}}</ref> File:Samuel Pepys by John Riley (Yale University Art Gallery).tif|[[John Riley (painter, born 1646)|John Riley]]'s portrait of [[Samuel Pepys]]; c. 1690.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/10087|title=Artist: John Riley, British, 1646-1691; Samuel Pepys|publisher=[[Yale University Art Gallery]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref> </gallery>
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