Editing Enki (section)

=== Nudimmud ===
Nudimmud, one of the most frequently attested alternative names and [[epithet]]s of Enki/Ea, was almost exclusively used in literary texts. In [[Akkadian language|akkadian]] sources, it could also appear in royal inscriptions, prayers, and [[incantation]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Galter |first=Hannes D. |url=https://www.academia.edu/45092567/Der_Gott_Ea_Enki_in_der_akkadischen_%C3%9Cberlieferung_Eine_Bestandsaufnahme_des_vorhandenen_Materials_Dissertationen_der_Universit%C3%A4t_Graz_58_Graz_dbv_Verlag_1983 |title=Der Gott Ea/Enki in der akkadischen Überlieferung: eine Bestandsaufnahme des vorhandenen Materials |date=1983 |publisher=dbv-Verl. für die Techn. Univ |isbn=978-3-7041-9018-5 |series=Dissertationen der Universität Graz |location=Graz |pages=13}}</ref> It already appears in the [[Zame Hymns]] under the form ''<sup>d</sup>''en-nu-te-mud.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis |last=Espak |first=Peeter |title=The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology |date=2010 |degree=dissertation |publisher=Tartu University, Faculty of Theology, Chair for Ancient Near Eastern Studies |url=https://www.academia.edu/1034652/The_God_Enki_in_Sumerian_Royal_Ideology_and_Mythology |page=54}}</ref> The standard writing was ''<sup>d</sup>''nu-dím-mud. Alternative forms include ,for example, nu-te-me-nud from the Fāra period or nu-da-mud from the [[Third Dynasty of Ur|Ur III period]]. The verbal elements dím and mud in the standard orthography respectively mean ‘’to build, create’’, and ‘’to bring forth’’.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Cavigneaux |first=Antoine |last2=Krebernik |first2=Manfred |date=1998 |title=Nudimmud, Nadimmud |url=https://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#9146 |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |page=607 |language=german}}</ref> The god list An=Anum ša ameli explains Nudimmud as Ea in his aspect as the god of creation.<ref name=":0" /> [[Thorkild Jacobsen]] interpreted the name as ‘’Image fashioner’’, ‘’God of shaping’’, reflecting Ea’s role as the god of crafts and as the god who creates figures from [[clay]].<ref name="Jacobsen 1978 111"/> It has been remarked that older spellings of Nudimmud do not feature the element dím.<ref name=":2">{{Cite thesis |last=Espak |first=Peeter |title=Ancient Near Eastern Gods Enki and Ea: Diachronical Analysis of Texts and Images from the Earliest Sources to the Neo-Sumerian Period |date=2006 |degree=master |publisher=Tartu University, Faculty of Theology, Chair for Ancient Near Eastern Studies |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28581203_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Gods_Enki_and_Ea_Diachronical_Analysis_of_Texts_and_Images_from_the_Earliest_Sources_to_the_Neo-Sumerian_Period |page=41}}</ref> Antoine Cavigneaux and Manfred Krebernik conclude that the orthography with dím is likely due to a later etymological reinterpretation of the name.<ref name=":1" /> The meaning of Nudimmud in the older periods is unclear.<ref name=":2" />