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Environmental noise
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=== United States === The [[Noise Control Act]] of 1972 established a U.S. national policy to promote an environment for all Americans to be free from noise that jeopardizes their health and welfare. In the past, [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) coordinated all federal noise control activities through its Office of Noise Abatement and Control.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kerr|first1=Madeleine J.|last2=Neitzel|first2=Richard L.|last3=Hong|first3=OiSaeng|last4=Sataloff|first4=Robert T.|date=2017|title=Historical review of efforts to reduce noise-induced hearing loss in the United States|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28514024|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|volume=60|issue=6|pages=569β577|doi=10.1002/ajim.22627|issn=1097-0274|pmid=28514024|hdl=2027.42/137565|s2cid=40127861|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] phased out the office's funding in 1982 as part of a shift in federal noise control policy to transfer the primary responsibility of regulating noise to state and local governments. The Noise Control Act of 1972 and the Quiet Communities Act of 1978 were never rescinded by Congress and remain in effect today, although essentially unfunded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-history-noise-and-noise-control-act|title=EPA History: Noise and the Noise Control Act|last=EPA|date=1982|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> Today, in the absence of a national guidance and enforcement by the EPA, states, cities, and municipalities have had little or no guidance on writing competent and effective [[noise regulation]]s. Since the EPA last published its Model Community Noise Ordinance in 1974, communities have struggled to develop their ordinances, often relying on copying guidance from other communities, and sometimes copying their mistakes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nonoise.org/regulation/index.htm|title=Noise Regulation in the U.S.|last=Noise Pollution Clearinghouse|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> Noise laws and ordinances vary widely among municipalities though most specify some general prohibition against making noise that is a nuisance and the allowable sound levels that can cross a property line. Some ordinances set out specific guidelines for the level of noise allowable at certain times of the day and for certain activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nonoise.org/lawlib/cities/cities.htm|title=Noise Regulations & Ordinances of U.S. Cities, Counties, and Towns|last=Noise Pollution Clearinghouse|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> The [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) regulates [[aircraft noise]] by specifying the maximum noise level that individual civil aircraft can emit through requiring aircraft to meet certain noise certification standards. These standards designate changes in maximum noise level requirements by "stage" designation. The U.S. noise standards are defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 14 Part 36 β Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification (14 CFR Part 36).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/22942|title=Noise Levels for U.S. Certificated and Foreign Aircraft|last=Federal Aviation Administration|date=Nov 15, 2001|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> The [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] also pursues a program of aircraft noise control in cooperation with the aviation community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/noise_emissions/airport_aircraft_noise_issues/|title=Aircraft Noise Issues|last=Federal Aviation Administration|date=2018|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> The FAA has set up a process to report [https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/noise_emissions/airport_aircraft_noise_issues/noise/ aviation-related noise complaints] for anyone who may be impacted by Aircraft noise. The [[Federal Highway Administration]] (FHWA) developed noise regulations to control [[Roadway noise|highway noise]] as required by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970. The regulations requires promulgation of traffic noise-level criteria for various land use activities, and describe procedures for the abatement of highway traffic noise and construction noise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/|title=Highway Traffic Noise|last=Federal Highway Administration|date=2017|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref> The [[U.S. Department of Transportation]]'s Bureau of Transportation Statistics has created a [https://maps.bts.dot.gov/arcgis/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a303ff5924c9474790464cc0e9d5c9fb National Transportation Noise Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121193525/https://maps.bts.dot.gov/arcgis/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a303ff5924c9474790464cc0e9d5c9fb |date=21 January 2018 }} to provide access to comprehensive aircraft and road noise data on national and county-level. The map aims to assist city planners, elected officials, scholars, and residents to gain access to up-to-date aviation and Interstate highway noise information.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transportation.gov/highlights/national-transportation-noise-map|title=National Transportation Noise Map|last=U.S. Department of Transportation|date=Mar 28, 2018|access-date=Jul 31, 2018}}</ref>
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