Editing Expressionism (section)

=== The School of Paris ===
{{Main article|School of Paris}}
In Paris a group of artists dubbed the ''[[School of Paris|École de Paris]]'' ([[School of Paris]]) by [[André Warnod]] were also known for their expressionist art.''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-25 |title=The Jewish painters of l'École de Paris-from the Holocaust to today |url=https://k-larevue.com/en/the-jewish-painters-of-lecole-de-paris-from-the-holocaust-to-today/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Jews, Europe, the XXIst century |language=en-US |quote=“ l’École de Paris is a term coined by the art critic André Warnod in 1925, in the magazine Comœdia, to define the group formed by foreign painters in Paris. The École de Paris does not designate a movement or a school in the academic sense of the term, but a historical fact. In Warnod’s mind, this term was intended to counter a latent xenophobia rather than to establish a theoretical approach.}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecole de Paris: French Art School Led by Picasso |url=http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/ecole-de-paris.htm |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=www.visual-arts-cork.com}}</ref> This was especially prevalent amongst the foreign born Jewish painters of the [[School of Paris]] such as [[Chaïm Soutine|Chaim Soutine]], [[Marc Chagall]], [[Yitzhak Frenkel]], [[Abraham Mintchine]] and others.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Nieszawer |first=Nadine |title=Histoire des Artistes Juifs de l'École de Paris: Stories of Jewish Artists of the School of Paris |year=2020 |isbn=979-8633355567 |publisher=Les Étoiles Éditions |location=France |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Alexandre FRENEL |url=https://ecoledeparis.org/alexandre-frenel/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Bureau d’art Ecole de Paris |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Marc CHAGALL |url=https://ecoledeparis.org/marc-chagall/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Bureau d’art Ecole de Paris |language=en-US}}</ref> These artists' expressionism was described as restless and emotional by Frenkel.<ref name=":52">{{Cite book |last=Barzel |first=Amnon |title=Frenel Isaac Alexander |publisher=Masada |year=1974 |location=Israel |pages=14 |language=English}}</ref> These artists, centered in the Montparnasse district of Paris tended to portray human subjects and humanity, evoking emotion through facial expression.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lurie |first=Aya |title=Treasured in the Heart: Haim Gliksberg's Portraits |year=2005 |isbn=978-9657161234 |publisher=מוזיאון תל־אביב לאמנות |location=Tel Aviv}}</ref> Others focused on the expression of mood rather than a formal structure.<ref name="Roditi_1968">Roditi, Eduard (1968). "The School of Paris". ''European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe'', '''3'''(2), 13–20.</ref> The art of Jewish expressionists was characterized as dramatic and tragic, perhaps in connection to Jewish suffering following persecution and pogroms.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Ofrat |first=Gideon |title=The Birth of Secular Art from the Zionist Spirit |publisher=Carmel |year=2012 |location=Jerusalem |pages=234 |language=he}}</ref>