Editing Extended producer responsibility (section)

== Plastic bags ==

Recycling, [[plastic bag ban|banning]], and taxation fails to adequately reduce the pollution caused by [[plastic bags]]. An alternative to these policies would be to increase extended producer responsibility.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/PageFiles/24472/epr.pdf |title=Extended Producer Responsibility An examination of its impact on innovation and greening products |access-date=2016-11-17 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829054151/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/PageFiles/24472/epr.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In the US, under the [[Clinton presidency]], the President's Council on Sustainable Development suggested EPR in order to target different participants in the cycle of a product's life.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://clinton2.nara.gov/PCSD/Publications/EPR.html |title=Proceedings - Extended Product Responsibility |website=clinton2.nara.gov |access-date=2016-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204050338/https://clinton2.nara.gov/PCSD/Publications/EPR.html |archive-date=2017-02-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This can, however, make the product more expensive since the cost must be taken into consideration before being put on the market, which is why it is not widely used in the United States currently.<ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Toffel |author-first1=Michael W. |author-last2=Stein |author-first2=Antoinette |author-last3=Lee |author-first3=Katharine L. |date=2008-01-01 |title=Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies |url=https://ideas.repec.org/p/hbs/wpaper/09-026.html |publisher=Harvard Business School |journal=Harvard Business School Working Papers |access-date=2016-11-17 |archive-date=2019-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221165718/https://ideas.repec.org/p/hbs/wpaper/09-026.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Instead, there is banning or taxation of plastic bags, which puts the responsibility on the consumers. In the United States, EPR is voluntary. Some - including a paper written in 2012 by students at Columbia University - have recommended a comprehensive program which combines taxation, producer responsibility, and recycling to combat pollution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sipa.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/FOR%20PUBLICATION_Ocean%20Conservancy.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160624090252/https://sipa.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/FOR%20PUBLICATION_Ocean%20Conservancy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-06-24 |title=Public Policy Approaches for the Reduction of Plastic Bag Marine Debris |access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref>